Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39725610›Full record

ArticlePharmacology research & perspectives2025

A549 Alveolar Carcinoma Spheroids as a Cytotoxicity Platform for Carboxyl- and Amine-Polyethylene Glycol Gold Nanoparticles.

Melissa Petzer, Seth-Frerich Fobian, Mary Gulumian, Vanessa Steenkamp, Werner Cordier

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Melissa PetzerDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-8997-8237
Seth-Frerich FobianDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-6550-4304
Mary GulumianMolecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4495-8363
Vanessa SteenkampDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-3575-0410
Werner CordierDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5744-9285

Funding

National Research Foundation 116017National Research Foundation 119588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) present with unique physicochemical features and potential for functionalization as anticancer agents. Three-dimensional spheroid models can be used to afford greater tissue representation due to their heterogeneous phenotype and complex molecular architecture. This study developed an A549 alveolar carcinoma spheroid model for cytotoxicity assessment and mechanistic evaluation of functionalized AuNPs. A549 spheroids were generated using an agarose micro-mold and were characterized (morphology, acid phosphatase activity, protein content) over 21 culturing days. The 72-h cytotoxicity of carboxyl-polyethylene glycol- (PCOOH-) and amine-polyethylene glycol- (PNH

Indexed as

GoldMetal NanoparticlesPolyethylene GlycolsSpheroids, CellularA549 CellsAminesAntineoplastic AgentsCaspase 3Caspase 7Cell CycleCell SurvivalHumansLung NeoplasmsAminesAntineoplastic AgentsCaspase 3Caspase 7GoldPolyethylene Glycols3D culturealveolar carcinomacytotoxicitygold nanoparticlesspheroidspheroid model

Identifiers

PMID39725610
PMCPMC11671224

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.