ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2025
Balance in children with chronic kidney disease: the relationship between skeletal muscle mass index, fatigue, and physical function.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of functional capacity in children with chronic kidney disease using various field tests.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Observational
- Adequacy of dialysis in children and adolescents: more than just Kt/V.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Circulating Muscle Markers for Sarcopenia in Peritoneal Dialysis.International journal of nephrology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe study evaluated the relationship between balance function and skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), physical function, and fatigue in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
methodsA cross-sectional study of 83 children with CKD (stages 1-4, dialysis, transplant) and 71 healthy controls was conducted. Functional performance tests, including gait speed, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), five-repetition sit-to-stand (5RST), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests, were administered. Quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) and hand grip strength (HGS) were assessed alongside bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for muscle mass evaluation. Fatigue was measured using the Child Fatigue Scale, and balance was assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale. Multivariate linear regression, performed exclusively on the CKD cohort, was used to determine factors influencing balance.
resultsChildren with CKD exhibited significantly lower muscle strength, physical performance, and balance than controls. Specifically, QMS on the right side was 7.16 ± 5.36 kg in the dialysis group versus 16.51 ± 8.66 kg in the CKD stages 1-4 group and 18.58 ± 7.27 kg in controls (p < 0.001). The 6MWD was 392 ± 50.34 m in the dialysis group compared to 476 ± 49.67 m in CKD stages 1-4 and 425 ± 68.94 m in controls (p < 0.001). Fatigue levels were highest in the dialysis group (41.00 ± 11.51), and balance scores were lowest in this group (47.71 ± 8.55) (p = 0.001 for both). Regression analysis showed that QMS (β = 0.333, p = 0.042), ASMI (β = 0.259, p = 0.043), gait speed (β = -0.347, p = 0.012), TUG (β = -0.656, p = 0.001), GFR (β = 0.238, p = 0.033), and lean mass (β = 0.710, p = 0.028) were significant predictors of balance.
conclusionsThe dialysis group presented the most significant reductions in ASMI, muscle strength, balance, and functional performance, alongside the highest fatigue levels. Balance was mainly influenced by fatigue, ASMI, QMS, and declining functional capabilities. Considering the negative impact of balance impairments on prognosis, early implementation of rehabilitation programs is essential for improving outcomes in CKD patients.
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