Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39723753›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced nursing2025

Exploring Midwives' and Nurse-Midwives' Professional Identity and How Midwifery May Be Best Represented in the Public Realm: A Global Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Study.

Sally Pezaro, Gila Zarbiv, Jude Jones, Mariama Lilei Feika, Laura Fitzgerald, Sanele Lukele, Jacquelyn McMillan-Bohler, Olivia B Baloyi, Ksenija Maravic Da Silva, Christine Grant and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sally PezaroThe Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5767-0708
Gila ZarbivDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Jude JonesGlobal Health Unit, NHS, Manchester, UK.
Mariama Lilei FeikaAl Khor Hospital - Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Dhakira, Qatar.
Laura FitzgeraldJhpiego, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Sanele LukeleDepartment of Nursing, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jacquelyn McMillan-BohlerSchool of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Olivia B BaloyiSchool of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Ksenija Maravic Da SilvaThe Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
Christine GrantThe Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
Lisa Bayliss-PrattFatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Pandora HardtmanJhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsWith respect to midwives and nurse-midwife populations (1) measure and (2) explore professional identity and (3) explore how the midwifery profession may be best represented in the public realm.

designConvergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Design.

methodsA web-based survey was used to collect data from 860 midwives and nurse-midwives from 102 countries between February and July 2022. Qualitative data were analysed inductively via reflexive thematic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

resultsNurse-midwives had a statistically significant higher professional identity score than midwives. Subthemes included pride and passion in midwifery and nurse-midwifery; motivational religiosity; celebrating role diversity and a call for the separation of nursing and midwifery. Subthemes outlining barriers to the development of a healthy professional identity related to lack of professional recognition in society and lack of respect from other professions. Subthemes related to the representation of midwifery included (1) imagery (e.g., real midwives) and (2) mediums (e.g., statues). Diminished professional identity and the conflation of midwifery with nursing were negatively associated with the recruitment and retention of midwives.

conclusionThis is the first study to measure and investigate the professional identity of midwives and nurse-midwives concomitantly and explore how midwifery may be best represented in the public realm. Public monuments highlighting both the art and science of midwifery along with the separation of midwifery from the nursing profession and enhanced role diversity may boost the professional identity of midwives overall. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: Midwives' professional identity, status and recognition in society are key to improved perinatal outcomes, recruitment and retention. Findings will inform interventions designed to enhance the professional identity and public representation of midwives worldwide. IMPACT: This research demonstrates midwives diminished professional identity. Findings will be used to bolster the midwifery profession to improve perinatal outcomes, along with the recruitment and retention of midwives to the benefit of childbearing people and their families worldwide. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Global webinars were used to engage midwives and nurse-midwives in shaping the design and direction of this research. REPORTING

methodThe Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist was used to guide reporting.

Indexed as

MidwiferyNurse MidwivesSocial IdentificationAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPregnancySurveys and Questionnaireshealth personnelmidwifemidwiferymidwivesnursesnursingoccupationprofessional identityscience in the artsworkforce

Identifiers

PMID39723753
PMCPMC12080075

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.