ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in triple-negative breast cancer: integrated analysis with the tumor microenvironment and clinicopathological features.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals immune microenvironment heterogeneity in BRCA1-mutated and sporadic triple-negative breast cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights, subtype-specific patterns, and therapeutic implications.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Highly CD81-expressing stromal cells characterize a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment in invasive breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Decoding the breast cancer microenvironment by spatial multi-omics: from architecture to clinical translation.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Spatial and phenotypic plasticity of B cells in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Exploring the spectrum of HER2 in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer: from HER2-Null to HER2-low, including HER2-ultralow status.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- The spatial immune landscape predicts outcome and reveals the central role of tumor-associated macrophages in inflammatory breast cancer biology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Spatial immune biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging evidence, technology trade-offs, and barriers to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: formation, immune functions and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The heterogeneous and dynamic immune-tumor interface in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- 25HC regulates the polarization of CD163Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Small extracellular vesicles as system-level regulators and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Dynamic remodeling of tertiary lymphoid structures in response to cancer therapy: a recent review.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- TIGIT, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- The role of pan-immune-inflammation index in the prognosis of Chinese cases with triple-negative breast cancer following surgical resection.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- The Trojan Horse Within: Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Breast Cancer.Cancer heterogeneity and plasticity · 2025Article
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10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most immunogenic breast cancer type, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are an independent prognostic factor. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are an important TILs source, but they are not integrated in the current prognostic criteria. Methods: In this retrospective study, TLS were assessed in hematein-eosin-saffron-stained (HES) histological sections from 397 early, chemotherapy-naive TNBC samples after primary surgical resection. Their association with i) classical clinicopathological features, ii) TILs and CD3+, CD8+, CD20+ lymphoid populations, iii) CD68+, CD163+, CD11b+, CD66b+ myeloid populations, and iv) expression of the PD1/PD-L1 and PVR/TIGIT axis immune checkpoint components and their prognostic significance were evaluated. Results: TLS were observed in 88.2% of samples, mainly in peritumoral areas (86.1%). Increased amount of peritumoral TLS (PT-TLS) was significantly associated with younger age (p<0.001), smaller tumor size and higher tumor grade (both, p<0.001), HER2 Conclusion: Our results suggest that TLS are a frequent feature in early TNBC and that their presence, particularly at the tumor periphery, recapitulates the tumor immune microenvironment. In our series, their prognostic value outperformed that of TILs. Therefore, their easy quantification on routine HES sections and their integration into the factors classically analyzed by pathologists could improve the clinical management of TNBC, a breast cancer type whose prognosis remains too poor.
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