Association between lifelines diet score with odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and some novel anthropometric indices among adults: a case-control study.

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition strongly associated with poor dietary habits and obesity. The Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS), a measure of adherence to a health-promoting diet, may reduce the risk of NAFLD. This study investigates the association between LLDS and NAFLD risk, as well as its relationship with novel anthropometric indices in adults. Methods: This case-control study included 180 NAFLD patients and 250 controls aged 20-65 years from Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire, and LLDS was calculated by scoring food groups according to dietary guidelines. Anthropometric measurements included Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD across LLDS quartiles. Results: Participants in the highest LLDS quartile had significantly reduced odds of NAFLD compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.65; Conclusion: Higher LLDS scores are associated with a lower risk of NAFLD and reduced visceral adiposity, particularly in females. These findings highlight the importance of improving dietary quality as a preventive strategy for NAFLD.