ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Myocarditis in Patients Starting Combination Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Analysis of a Commercial Claims Database.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Cardio-Oncology in Cold Climates: Epidemiological Features, Bidirectional Interaction Mechanisms, and Integrated Management Strategies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity: from mechanisms to management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Integrated risk stratification for ICI-associated myocarditis: a baseline hematological profile and a combined ECG and enzymatic signature at onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis complicated with impending crisis state of myasthenia gravis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the clinical outcomes of several cancers but have also been associated with a greater risk of immune-related adverse effects, especially when combined. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of myocarditis in relation to the use of dual concurrent versus single immune checkpoint inhibitors therapies. METHODS AND
resultsA cohort study was conducted using medical and pharmacy claims data (2011-2022) from a large US commercial insurer. Cox regression quantified the comparative risks of myocarditis or heart failure in patients with cancer receiving treatment with combination therapy (nivolumab and ipilimumab) in comparison to taking a single immune checkpoint inhibitor only. Mean follow-up time in 53 018 patients was 226 days (interquartile range, 93-495 days). There were 148 cases of myocarditis (0.3%), 33 (0.7%) in patients on combination therapy, and 115 (0.2%) in patients on monotherapy. The risk of myocarditis per 1000 patients was 7.40 in the combination therapy group and 2.37 in the monotherapy group (risk ratio, 3.12 [95% CI, 2.12-4.60]). Using multivariable regression analysis, the hazard ratio for myocarditis in the combination therapy group was 2.38 (1.57-3.63). No difference in the risk of heart failure was found between combination and single therapy.
conclusionsTherapy with 2 immune checkpoint inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of myocarditis compared with monotherapy, with most cases occurring in the first 6 months of therapy.
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