Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39718800›Full record

ArticleEpilepsia open2025

CLN6-related continuum phenotype caused by aberrant splicing.

Federica Invernizzi, Barbara Castellotti, Chiara Reale, Celeste Panteghini, Isabel Colangelo, Roberta Solazzi, Francesca Ragona, Lucio Giordano, Jessica Galli, Davide Rossi Sebastiano and 7 more

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsia open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Federica InvernizziUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Barbara CastellottiUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9098-3041
Chiara RealeUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Celeste PanteghiniUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Isabel ColangeloUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Roberta SolazziDepartment of Paediatric Neuroscience, European Reference Network EPIcare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6657-3328
Francesca RagonaDepartment of Paediatric Neuroscience, European Reference Network EPIcare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Lucio GiordanoChild Neuropsychiatric Division, CRE Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
Jessica GalliChild Neuropsychiatric Division, CRE Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3347-7548
Davide Rossi SebastianoNeurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3698-8615
Gianluca MarucciNeuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4508-3359
Valeria CuccariniNeuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe DidatoEpilepsy Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, European Reference Network EPIcare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4812-6310
Cinzia GelleraUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Barbara GaravagliaUnit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Tiziana GranataDepartment of Paediatric Neuroscience, European Reference Network EPIcare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0170-6836
Laura CanafogliaIntegrated Diagnostics for Epilepsy, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, European Reference Network EPIcare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5385-761X

Funding

Fondazione Pierfranco e Luisa MarianiItalian Ministry of Health (RRC)Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca RF-2019-12370491
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive cognitive and motor decline, epilepsy, visual impairment, and shortened life-expectancy. CLN6-related NCLs include both late-infantile and adult myoclonic form. We report a 21-year-old patient, with mild developmental delay, who developed occipital seizures at 14 years, and subsequently cognitive decline, cortical myoclonus, and photosensitivity at low and higher frequencies. Overall, the picture suited progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Electroretinogram was normal. A skin biopsy revealed a mixed storage of curvilinear and fingerprint profiles. A brain MRI showed severe cortical atrophy. Performing genetic analyses, two biallelic variants were identified in the CLN6 gene, each inherited from one of the healthy parents, one c.722T>C, p.(Met241Thr) already described in the late-infantile form and the other one c.486+28T>C, intronic and novel, causing aberrant splicing. In the patient, the expression of the allele containing c.722T>C variant was increased, in comparison with the carrier parent. The peculiar genetic pattern observed in the patient could explain a milder clinical picture when compared with late-infantile form, since CLN6 expression was partially preserved. However, the presence of a delay, and the early cognitive decline suggested a continuum phenotype connecting late-infantile and adult CLN6-related forms. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: We report a patient with CLN6 disease who developed symptoms at an intermediate age: 9 years for mild intellectual disability and 14 years for occipital seizures and progressive myoclonus epilepsy, without visual impairment. The patient is compound heterozygous for a CLN6 missense variant c.722T>C, p.(Met241Thr) already described in the late-infantile form and for a novel intronic variant c.486+28T>C, causing aberrant splicing. In the patient, the expression of the allele containing c.722T>C variant was increased, compared with the carrier parent. The splice site variant had a milder effect. The peculiar genetic pattern may explain the continuum phenotype between late-infantile and adult forms.

Indexed as

Membrane ProteinsNeuronal Ceroid-LipofuscinosesHumansMutationPhenotypeYoung AdultCLN6 protein, humanMembrane ProteinsKufs' diseaseneuronal ceroidlipofuscinosisoccipital seizuresphotoparoxysmal responseprogressive myoclonus epilepsy

Identifiers

PMID39718800
PMCPMC11803302

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.