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ArticleClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2025

Haemodynamic effects of fludrocortisone and midodrine in patients with symptoms due to hypotension.

Frederik J de Lange, Steven van Zanten, Giulia Rivasi, Antonella Groppelli, Vincenzo Russo, Roberto Maggi, Marco Capacci, Sara Nawaz, Angelo Comune, Andrea Ungar and 3 more

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Vasovagal syncope: the role of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Diagnostic yield of nitroglycerin-potentiated head-up tilt test in a pediatric population with suspected reflex syncope.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Frederik J de LangeAmsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Steven van ZantenReinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Department of Cardiology, Cardiology and Syncope Unit, Reinier de Graafweg 5, 2625 AD, Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1784-9558
Giulia RivasiDivision of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Antonella GroppelliFaint and Fall Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, S. Luca Hospital, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milano, Italy.
Vincenzo RussoCardiology and Syncope Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'-Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale E. Ruggeri, 80126, Naples, Italy.
Roberto MaggiDepartment of Cardiology, Ospedali del Tigullio, Lavagna, Italy.
Marco CapacciDivision of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Sara NawazDepartment of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Angelo ComuneCardiology and Syncope Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'-Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale E. Ruggeri, 80126, Naples, Italy.
Andrea UngarDivision of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Gianfranco ParatiDepartment of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Michele BrignoleFaint and Fall Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, S. Luca Hospital, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milano, Italy.
Artur FedorowskiDepartment of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. artur.fedorowski@ki.se.

Funding

Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Ministero della Salute NCT05729724
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe study aimed to assess the haemodynamic effects of fludrocortisone and midodrine, alone or combined, in patients with recurrent syncope and/or symptoms due to hypotension and ≥ 1 daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP) drop < 90 mmHg or ≥ 2 daytime SBP drops < 100 mmHg recorded by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM1).

methodA total of 53 patients (mean age, 40.9 ± 18.5 years, 37 female) were treated with fludrocortisone (0.05-0.2 mg per day) and/or midodrine (2.5-10 mg two or three times per day). A second ABPM (ABPM2) was performed within 6 months and the results of ABPM1 AND ABPM2 were compared to assess the effects of BP-rising drugs.

resultsIn 32 patients assigned to fludrocortisone, 24-h SBP increased from 107.1 ± 9.9 mmHg to 116.3 ± 14.9 (p = 0.0001), the number of daily SBP drops < 90 mmHg decreased by 73% (p = 0.0001) and that of drops < 100 mmHg decreased by 41% (p = 0.0005). In 14 patients assigned to midodrine, 24-h SBP increased from 112.7 ± 7.4 mmHg to 115.0 ± 9.1 (p = 0.12), the number of daily SBP drops < 90 mmHg decreased by 52% (p = 0.04) and that of drops < 100 mmHg decreased by 34% (p = 0.007). In the seven patients taking both fludrocortisone and midodrine, 24-h SBP increased from 110.1 ± 11.5 mmHg to 114.0 ± 12.4 (p = 0.002), the number of daily SBP drops < 90 mmHg decreased by 69% (p = 0.22) and that of drops < 100 mmHg decreased by 44% (p = 0.04).

conclusionsBoth fludrocortisone and midodrine effectively increased 24-h SBP and reduced SBP drops on ABPM but fludrocortisone seemed to be more effective than midodrine. Further randomised studies are needed to confirm these observations.

Indexed as

FludrocortisoneHemodynamicsHypotensionMidodrineAdultAgedBlood PressureBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultFludrocortisoneMidodrine24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoringBlood pressure-rising drugsHypotensionReflex syncope

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.