ReviewBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2025
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i): Mechanisms of resistance and where to find them.
Review in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with fulvestrant for the treatment of HR+/HER2-advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic Resistance in Melanoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Pharmaceutical Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Timing and Patterns of Relapse-Related Events Following Adjuvant CDK4/6 Inhibitors Combined With Endocrine Therapy in Patients With HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Navigating first- and second-line treatment options in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Navigating luminal heterogeneity: etiology-based proteogenomic subtyping for targeted treatment strategies in breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Ancestry-Associated Epigenetic Reprogramming in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen-low breast cancer in the era of CDKI: are we at another uncertain crossroads?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Endocrine Therapy and CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Advanced ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- The food effect on the pharmacokinetics of TQB3616 capsule in Chinse healthy subjects: a randomized, open-label, single-center, two-period, two-sequence crossover phase I clinical trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer therapy: mechanisms of drug resistance and strategies for treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have significantly impacted on the treatment of HR + HER2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (BC) when combined with endocrine therapy. Nonetheless, despite significant research efforts, the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to CDK4/6i have not yet been fully elucidated, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these process. Additionally, the importance of dissecting CDK4/6i resistance from endocrine resistance for personalized treatment is increasingly recognized. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive tool for identifying circulating biomarkers of resistance through the integration of multiparametric and dynamic assessments that encompass ctDNA, CTCs, exosomes, and epigenetic ctDNA alterations, representing a promising perspective for the clinical characterization of treatment resistance and guiding post-progression strategies to improve patient outcomes. Aim of this review is summarize potential mechanisms of CDK4/6i resistance, along with the advantages of using liquid biopsy to identify resistance biomarkers in HR+/HER2- MBC patients treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.