Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39718086›Full record

ReviewArhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju2024

What is more common in fatal caffeine intoxication - suicide or unintentional overdose?

Dražen Lušić, Sara Bezak, Irena Brčić Karačonji

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Dražen Lušić1University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-6512
Sara Bezak2University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies, Rijeka, Croatia.
Irena Brčić Karačonji2University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies, Rijeka, Croatia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caffeine is a natural stimulant of plant origin found in many products such as coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy drinks. It is also often used as an active substance in over-the-counter drugs such as painkillers and preparations for the treatment of colds and allergies. While caffeine is generally considered safe when moderately consumed, excessive intake in a single dose or through repeated small doses over time can lead to caffeine intoxication. Symptoms of caffeine intoxication can vary depending on the amount of caffeine consumed and can include restlessness, rapid heart rate, muscle tremors, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. In severe cases, caffeine intoxication can lead to convulsions, coma, and even death. This mini-review presents an overview of caffeine's characteristics and intoxication including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It addresses risk factors associated with caffeine intoxication and presents current recommendations for safe caffeine consumption. The studies we have reviewed suggest that in cases of fatal caffeine intoxications, intentional intoxication is more common than unintentional.

Indexed as

CaffeineDrug OverdoseAdultCentral Nervous System StimulantsFemaleHumansMaleSuicideCaffeineCentral Nervous System Stimulantsbezreceptni lijekcoffeeenergetski napitakenergy drinkintentional intoxicationkavanamjerno otrovanjeover-the-counter drugsslučajno otrovanjeunintentional intoxication

Identifiers

PMID39718086
PMCPMC11667712

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.