Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39717867›Full record

ArticleIJID regions2025

Hepatitis B and C virus infection among couples undergoing premarital screening in Iraqi Kurdistan.

Ibrahim A Naqid, Ali Jotiar Mahmood, Ahmed A Mosa, Zana Sherwan Ahmed, Abdulrrahman Saad Abdullah, Dana Sherzad Abdulkareem, Rojeen Chalabi Khalid, Iman Ramadhan Yousif, Hajar Hassan Abdulqadir

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Article in IJID regions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ibrahim A NaqidCollege of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Ali Jotiar MahmoodCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Ahmed A MosaCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Zana Sherwan AhmedCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Abdulrrahman Saad AbdullahCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Dana Sherzad AbdulkareemCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Rojeen Chalabi KhalidCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Iman Ramadhan YousifCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
Hajar Hassan AbdulqadirCollege of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are significant global health challenges, leading to severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite available vaccines and treatments, these infections persist, particularly, in regions such as Iraq. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV among couples attending premarital screening programs in Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq and explore the associated demographic risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023, including 15,091 couples. Laboratory screening for HBV and HCV was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by RNA quantification for HCV-positive cases. Results: Of the total of 15,091 couples, the overall prevalence of HBV was 0.92% and HCV was 0.07%. Males, individuals aged 23-31 years, and urban residents had higher infection rates. Significant risk factors included age 23-31 years, male gender, and urban residency ( Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV and HCV among couples in Zakho is consistent with regional data. Higher infection rates in males and urban areas suggest the need for targeted interventions, including public education and screening for high-risk populations.

Indexed as

HBVHCVIraqPremarital screeningPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39717867
PMCPMC11665605

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.