SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2024
Vitamin, antioxidant and micronutrient supplementation and the risk of developing incident autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin supplementation and its effect on incident type 1 diabetes mellitus and islet autoimmunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Menaquinone-4 protects CD8Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The Impact of Oral-Gut Microbiota Structure and Its Manipulation on RA Development and Management.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Association Between Self-Reported Pornographic Consumption Habits and Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Dysphagia Risk and Its Association with Nutritional Status in Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Diet and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence With UK Biobank Nested Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Role of the Microbiome and Its Metabolites in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Impact of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and pain management in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized double-blinded controlled study.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Anthraquinones and Aloe Vera Extracts as Potential Modulators of Inflammaging Mechanisms: A Translational Approach from Autoimmune to Onco-Hematological Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Pathophysiological Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Rheumatic Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune diseases pose significant health challenges worldwide and affect millions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring preventive strategies through nutritional interventions using vitamins, antioxidants, and micronutrients to reduce the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. However, excessive supplementation has also been associated with toxicity. Objective: We aim to assess how the intake of vitamins, antioxidants and micronutrients affect the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Methods: This PRISMA-adherent systematic review involved a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for controlled studies that evaluated the risk of incident autoimmune diseases after supplementation. Random effects meta-analyses were used for primary analysis. Results: 18 studies were included. Overall meta-analyses observed that vitamin D did not influence the risk of autoimmune diseases (RR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.81-1.20). However, among the different vitamin D dosages, subgroup analysis demonstrated that those who were supplemented with 600-800IU/day may have a statistically significant reduction in risk (RR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.38; 0.82). Systematic review suggested that consumption of most vitamins, micronutrients and antioxidants may not have any effect on the risk of autoimmune diseases. Smoking, age, physical or outdoor activity and diet were significant confounding factors that affected the efficacy of such interventions. Conclusion: We studied the effect of various vitamins, micronutrients and antioxidants on the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Our study contributes to the evolving landscape of nutritional immunology, providing a foundation for future research to unravel more definite relationships with supplementation and the development of incident autoimmune diseases. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024504796.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.