ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
CXCL16/CXCR6/TGF-β Feedback Loop Between M-MDSCs and Treg Inhibits Anti-Bacterial Immunity During Biofilm Infection.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Research progress on T-cell responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Targeting a Myeloid-Regulatory B Cell Network Reverses Immune Paralysis in Periprosthetic Joint Infections.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dual-engineering metalloimmunotherapy mediatesBioactive materials · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived Exosomes Deliver Membrane-Bound Fgl2 to Activate FcγRIIB-Mediated Immunosuppression in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting the PGRN-BMP Lysosomal Axis With NPs@PGRN Reverses Immunometabolic Dysfunction in Chronic Septic Arthritis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Decoding the spatiotemporal characteristics of ferroptosis: reshaping tumour therapeutic strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Sequential eradication of bacterial persisters: integrating phytochemical pharmacology with microenvironment-responsive delivery strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The role and mechanisms of multiple immunoregulatory cells in pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mendelian Randomization and Experimental Validation Identify Key Immune Signatures in Bullous Pemphigoid.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Advancements in understanding and treating CXCL16/CXCR6 in tumors and in inflammatory diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals the Diagnostic Value of Synovial Tissue Calprotectin and the MDSC-Associated Immune Microenvironment in Periprosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- CXCL16/CXCR6/TGF-β Feedback Loop Between M-MDSCs and Treg Inhibits Anti-Bacterial Immunity During Biofilm Infection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Targeting persistently activated inflammatory microenvironment to promote chronic wound healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Gastric mucosal proteomic analysis reveals the role of the TGF-Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a severe complication after joint arthroplasty. Immunosuppression is a major factor contributing to the infection chronicity of S. aureus PJI, posing significant treatment challenges. This study investigates the relationship between the immunosuppressive biofilm milieu and S. aureus PJI outcomes in both discovery and validation cohorts. This scRNA-seq analysis of synovium from PJI patients reveals an expansion and heightened activity of monocyte-related myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Importantly, CXCL16 is significantly upregulated in M-MDSCs, with its corresponding CXCR6 receptor also elevated on Treg. M-MDSCs recruit Treg and enhance its activity via CXCL16-CXCR6 interactions, while Treg secretes TGF-β, inducing M-MDSCs proliferation and immunosuppressive activity. Interfering with this cross-talk in vivo using Treg-specific CXCR6 knockout PJI mouse model reduces M-MDSCs/Treg-mediated immunosuppression and alleviates bacterial burden. Immunohistochemistry and recurrence analysis show that PJI patients with CXCR6
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.