ArticleBMC public health2024
Breast refusal: an analysis of frequency, onset timing, recovery status, and their interplay with breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal depression.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal Experiences with Exclusive Pumping-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding difficulties and maternal-infant bonding at three months postpartum in a Turkish cohort.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Twin Challenges in Türkiye: Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Predictors of Breastfeeding Duration in a Tertiary Care Center.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding problems and associated factors: a cross-sectional study after the 2023 Türkiye earthquake.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- The role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the relationship between perinatal depressive symptoms and exclusive breastfeeding: a longitudinal mediation analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Beyond the rules: an integrative review of parental perspectives on safer infant sleep in shared environments.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis cross-sectional study aimed to explore the frequency of breast refusal (BR), associated factors including postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, and investigate the recovery status following BR.
methodsThe survey comprised four sections, to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers and their babies, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) of mothers, and features associated with BR. The survey was administered online to those with babies aged 0-24 months. Specific questions related to BR were directed to mothers who experienced it within the first 12 months.
resultsThe study encompassed 651 mothers, with a mean age of 30.5 ± 3.6 years, and revealed that 35.6% experienced BR. The presence or history of BR was associated with monthly household income, nurse-midwife support during the first breastfeeding, nipple shape, co-sleeping practices, mother-in-law's support in child care, and BSES-SF scores. Notably, mothers facing breastfeeding-related challenges such as engorgement, pressured milk issues, and infants with gas-related concerns, -excluding low milk supply, pacifier or bottle use-, demonstrated higher recovery from BR.
conclusionsSome sociodemographic factors, social support, mothers characteristics were associated with the BR. In addition, several challenges were present in BR recovery. Mothers need to be supported in child care and house work to prevent and improve BR and restore breastfeeding. Additinal cohort studies with the possible related factors for BR are necessary to implement targeted interventions to prolong breastfeeding duration.
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Registered trials
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