ArticleBMC microbiology2024
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica in milk along the supply chain, humans, and the environment in Woliata Sodo, Ethiopia.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cheese and Its Microbes Under the Light of One Health-A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Virulence determinants and multidrug resistance of emerging Salmonella enterica subspecies salamae in broiler chickens: a potential zoonotic concern.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Fecal carriage, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella from lactating cows and contact humans at the dairy farm level in Mekelle and Southeast Zones of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp in dairy farm in the Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella From Bulk Milk at the Dairy Farm Level in Mekelle and Southeast Zones of Tigrai, Ethiopia.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of fourFood science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Detection and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157:H7 in the milk supply chain, milking environments and humans in Woliata Sodo, Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella in Raw cow milk & its products in Bishoftu city, central Ethiopia: implication for public health.One health outlook · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella enterica is a major cause of foodborne illness and mortality worldwide, but its presence in milk along the milk supply chain and associated public health risks are under-studied. This research was aimed to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica in milk, milking environments, milkers' hands, and diarrheic patients in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
methodsWe collected 644 samples from 106 dairy farms that include direct milk from cow, bulk tank milk, milkers' hand swabs, teat surfaces swabs, farm floors swabs, milk storage containers swabs, collectors' bulk milk, retailers' bulk milk, and stool from diarrheic patients. Salmonella enterica was isolated using standard microbiological methods (culture-based detection, serology and PCR), and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobials.
resultsThe overall occurrence of Salmonella enterica was 1.86% (12/644). The detection rate was 2.06% (7/339: 95% CI: 1.0-4.20) along the milk supply chain, 1.94% (2/103:95% CI: 0.53-6.81) in diarrheic outpatients and 1.49% (3/202: 95% CI: 0.51-4.27) in the milking environments. Relatively, higher contamination rate (6%, 3/50; 95% CI: 2.06-16.22) was observed in milk samples collected from milk collectors. The isolates exhibit higher resistance to clindamycin (100%), erythromycin (100%), vancomycin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), ceftazidime (100%), and ampicillin (75%). Of the isolates, 92%, 83% and 67% were susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim, respectively. All the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR).
conclusionsThe study findings showed the occurrence of a considerable proportion of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica across all sample sources, indicating potential transmission risks between cattle and humans via milk, and the milking environment. The alarming multidrug-resistant strains limit treatment options and complicate pathogen control. To prevent transmission and spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogen, proper hygiene practices, public education, and antimicrobial stewardship are essential. These measures will help ensure the safety of milk and dairy products. Further research on genetic relatedness among isolates, quantifying public health risks of milk consumption, and cost-effective intervention options is needed to reduce Salmonella-related morbidity and mortality.
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