Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39715900›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025

An application-based taxonomy for brain-computer interfaces.

Jacob T Robinson, Sumner L Norman, Matthew R Angle, Timothy G Constandinou, Timothy Denison, John P Donoghue, Ryan M Field, Andreas Forsland, Sid Kouider, José Del R Millán and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. A brain-computer interface working definition.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Jacob T RobinsonDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. jtrobinson@rice.edu.
Sumner L NormanForest Neurotech, Los Angeles, CA, USA. sumner@forestneurotech.org.
Matthew R AngleParadromics Inc, Austin, TX, USA.
Timothy G ConstandinouDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Timothy DenisonDepartment of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
John P DonoghueDepartment of Neuroscience and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Ryan M FieldKernel, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Andreas ForslandCognixion Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Sid KouiderCNRS, Paris, France.
José Del R MillánChandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Jonathan A MichaelsSchool of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Amy L OrsbornDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Chethan PandarinathWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Andrew PruszynskiDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Christopher J RozellSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nishal P ShahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Maryam M ShanechiMing Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Mahsa ShoaranInstitutes of Electrical and Micro Engineering and Neuro-X, EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland.
Sameer A ShethDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Sergey D StaviskyDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Eric TrautmannDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Nicolas VachicourasNeurosoft Bioelectronics SA, Geneva, Switzerland.
Chong XieDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID39715900

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.