Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39714021›Full record

ReviewJournal of primary care & community health

Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Review on Diagnosis and Treatment for Primary Care Clinicians.

Carolyn Mae Peterseim, Katarzyna Jabbour, Ashwini Kamath Mulki

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  17. The Potential ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Carolyn Mae PeterseimLehigh Valley Health Network Family Medicine Residency, Allentown, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4142-4308
Katarzyna JabbourLehigh Valley Health Network Family Medicine Residency, Allentown, PA, USA.
Ashwini Kamath MulkiLehigh Valley Health Network Family Medicine Residency, Allentown, PA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance) that affects between 12.5% and 31.4% of adults worldwide. It correlates with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and overall mortality in a dose-dependent fashion. This review aims to provide primary care clinicians an updated review of the evidence on metabolic syndrome, with a focus on treatment.

designScoping evidence review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: English-language studies of evidence Level I or II that focused on defining, diagnosing, and treating metabolic syndrome or its components. INFORMATION SOURCES: PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

resultsThough evidence is still lacking for improved outcomes with treating the syndrome per se, addressing its individual components reduces risks. Lifestyle changes like weight loss and increased physical activity are first line. Surgical options assist with weight loss for certain patients. Pharmacotherapies like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, statins, and antihypertensives also have efficacy.

conclusionsMetabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for many poor health outcomes. Its individual components should be treated with medication and behavioral changes to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent diabetes and its complications. More research is needed on how to treat the syndrome itself. A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome may be useful for motivating patients toward lifestyle changes, though more research is needed on how to treat the syndrome versus its components.

Indexed as

Metabolic SyndromePrimary Health CareCardiovascular DiseasesExerciseHumansLife StyleRisk FactorsWeight Losschronic diseasemetabolic syndromepreventive medicinerisk reduction behavior

Identifiers

PMID39714021
PMCPMC11672556

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.