Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39713952›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2025

Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Characterize the Etiology of Culture-Negative Empyema and Parapneumonic Effusion Among Alaska Native Children-2018-2023.

Jonathan Steinberg, Carolynn DeByle, Benjamin Westley, Marah Gotcsik, Jesse Geis, Srinivasan Velusamy, Marc Fischer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. BinaxNOWClinical pediatrics · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jonathan SteinbergArctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Carolynn DeByleArctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Benjamin WestleyAlaska Native Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Marah GotcsikAlaska Native Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Jesse GeisArctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
Srinivasan VelusamyStreptococcus Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329United States.
Marc FischerArctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.

Funding

CDC HHSIntramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify bacterial infections in culture-negative pleural fluid specimens from Alaska Native children hospitalized with empyema. PCR identified ≥1 organism in 11 (79%) of 14 specimens. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 was detected in 6 specimens; all 6 participants had received 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Indexed as

Alaska NativesEmpyemaEmpyema, PleuralPleural EffusionPolymerase Chain ReactionAlaskaChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMalePneumococcal InfectionsPneumococcal VaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniae13-valent pneumococcal vaccinePneumococcal VaccinesAmerican Indian or Alaska Nativebacterial infectionschildempyemaStreptococcus pneumoniaevaccination

Identifiers

PMID39713952
PMCPMC12683488

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.