Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39712350›Full record

ArticleJournal of early intervention2024

Mapping the active ingredients and mechanisms of change of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention using mixed methods.

Kyle M Frost, Brooke Ingersoll

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of early intervention, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Characteristics of Qualitative Research in BehaviorBehavior analysis in practice · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kyle M FrostMichigan State University, Department of Psychology, East Lansing, MI.
Brooke IngersollMichigan State University, Department of Psychology, East Lansing, MI.

Funding

Using the Theory of Change framework to map active ingredients and mechanisms of change underlying an early parent-implemented intervention for autism spectrum disorderF31HD103209 · NICHD · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI FROST, KYLE MICHELE · 2020 to 2021
$74k
NICHD NIH HHS F31 HD103209
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limited research has examined the active ingredients and mechanisms of change of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs). The present study used an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design to develop a comprehensive Theory of Change of Project ImPACT, an empirically supported NDBI. We used qualitative data from interviews with intervention experts (n=10), community providers (n=22), and caregivers (n=12) to develop a comprehensive causal model of the intervention process. We then tested select paths of the causal model using path analyses with an archival dataset (n=92). The causal model described how developmental techniques aimed at supporting children's attention and engagement lay the foundation for more adult-directed learning opportunities and subsequent child skill growth. However, hypothesized causal relationships were not supported by our quantitative analyses. In the future, this research can be used to develop and prioritize nuanced research questions related to the timing, optimization, and mechanistic process underlying NDBIs.

Indexed as

active ingredientsautismearly interventionmechanisms of changeNDBI

Identifiers

PMID39712350
PMCPMC11661858

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.