Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39710237›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2025

Pets and related allergens modify the association between early life DEHP exposure and respiratory outcomes in children.

Luyao Zhang, Ruixue Dai, Wendy Lou, Piush Mandhane, Theo J Moraes, Elinor Simons, Peter S Thorne, Teresa To, Stuart E Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Luyao ZhangUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ruixue DaiThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Wendy LouUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Piush MandhaneUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Theo J MoraesUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Elinor SimonsUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Peter S ThorneUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Teresa ToUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stuart E TurveyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Padmaja SubbaraoUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jeffrey R BrookUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jeff.brook@utoronto.ca.

Funding

Pulmonary Toxicology Facility CoreP30ES005605 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Jong Sung Kim · 1990 to 2026
$40.5M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThroughout the perinatal period children are exposed to complex mixtures, including indoor chemicals such as phthalates, and biological agents. However, few studies focus on interactions between early-life co-exposures to shed light on how co-exposures modify their individual effects. Therefore, our study aims to assess whether early-life exposure to pets and related biological agents, namely pet allergens and endotoxin, modifies the association between di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and asthma and wheeze in preschoolers to gain insight into interactions.

methodsUsing data from a Canadian birth cohort study (CHILD), we conducted two complementary analyses on respiratory outcomes. First, we combined pet ownership with DEHP measurements from house dust (N = 726). Second, we focused on a subgroup of children with exposure measurements of both DEHP and biological agents in dust (N = 261). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess whether pets and quantified biological agent levels modify associations between DEHP and asthma at 5 years and recurrent wheeze between 2 and 5 years. Interaction terms were included in the models and stratified analyses were further conducted.

resultsAssociations between DEHP and asthma and wheeze were modified by pet ownership and related biological agents. For persistent/recurrent wheeze, the association with DEHP became larger among children with dogs at home and with higher dog allergens (p-interaction <0.1) and became smaller and insignificant when exposed to cats. Similarly, for asthma, the association with DEHP tended to be larger among children with dogs (also higher dog allergens) and among children without cats (also lower cat allergens) at home, respectively. Endotoxin levels modified the association between DEHP and persistent wheeze (p-interaction <0.1).

conclusionsEarly-life exposure to pets and related biological agents may modify the associations between phthalates and asthma and wheeze in children. Heterogeneity in single exposure studies could be a result of differences in co-exposures among studies.

Indexed as

AllergensAsthmaDiethylhexyl PhthalateEnvironmental ExposurePetsRespiratory SoundsAir Pollution, IndoorAnimalsCanadaCatsChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDogsDustEndotoxinsFemaleAllergensDiethylhexyl PhthalateDustEndotoxinsAllergenAsthmaCo-exposureEffect modificationEndotoxinInteractionPetsPhthalates

Identifiers

PMID39710237
PMCPMC12765393

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.