ArticleBrain stimulation
Enabling electric field model of microscopically realistic brain.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Cellular Mechanisms of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Climbing Fibers and Purkinje Neurons in the Cerebellum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The optimization of neuroprosthetic interfaces relying on biophysical and surrogate digital twins.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Improved Source Localization of Auditory Evoked Fields using Reciprocal BEM-FMM.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Roadmap towards personalized approaches and safety considerations in non-ionizing radiation: from dosimetry to therapeutic and diagnostic applications.Physics in medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Dose standardization for transcranial electrical stimulation: an accessible approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Layer-specific electric fields and effective conductivity in nonhuman primates during transcranial electrical stimulation.Brain stimulationArticle
- Microscopic electric fields form mesoscale electric fields and influence TMS activation thresholds.Brain stimulationArticle
- Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model.Brain stimulationArticle
- Single pointwise samples of electric field on a neuron model cannot predict activation threshold by brain stimulation.Brain stimulationArticle
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15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundModeling brain stimulation at the microscopic scale may reveal new paradigms for various stimulation modalities.
objectiveWe present the largest map to date of extracellular electric field distributions within a layer L2/L3 mouse primary visual cortex brain sample. This was enabled by the automated analysis of serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling of image defects, covering a volume of 250 × 140 × 90 μm³.
methodsThe map was obtained by applying a uniform brain stimulation electric field at three different polarizations and accurately computing microscopic field perturbations using the boundary element fast multipole method. We used the map to identify the effect of microscopic field perturbations on the activation thresholds of individual neurons. Previous relevant studies modeled a macroscopically homogeneous cortical volume.
resultOur result shows that the microscopic field perturbations - an 'electric field spatial noise' with a mean value of zero - only modestly influence the macroscopically predicted stimulation field strengths necessary for neuronal activation. The thresholds do not change by more than 10 % on average.
conclusionUnder the stated limitations and assumptions of our method, this result essentially justifies the conventional theory of "invisible" neurons embedded in a macroscopic brain model for transcranial magnetic and transcranial electrical stimulation. However, our result is solely sample-specific and is only relevant to this relatively small sample with 396 neurons. It largely neglects the effect of the microcapillary network. Furthermore, we only considered the uniform impressed field and a single-pulse stimulation time course.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.