ArticleBMC oral health2024
Simulation of oral environmental conditions through artificial aging of teeth for the assessment of enamel discoloration in orthodontics.
Article in BMC oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanical Performance of a Monolithic 3D-Printed Orthodontic Bracket-Crown System: An In-Vitro Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cyclic Acidic Beverage Exposure Induces Formulation-Dependent Mechanical Softening and Tribological Alterations in Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Dental Resin Composites.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Comparison of marginal gap in implant-supported hybrid nanoceramic crowns fabricated by additive vs. subtractive manufacturing.BMC oral health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical performance of dental materials can be predicted via artificial aging approaches. The bracket bonding procedure may cause irreversible alterations to the enamel surface. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel artificial aging protocol and evaluate its effect on the discoloration of both bracket-bonded and unbonded teeth while also comparing the effects of four orthodontic adhesives on enamel color and whiteness.
methodsOne hundred permanent lower incisors from humans were randomly divided into five groups, each including 20 specimens. The lower incisor metal brackets were bonded to the teeth via four different orthodontic adhesives (Transbond XT, Kurasper F, Bisco ORTHO, and Light Bond), and a control group was established. To simulate the cumulative effects of aging on the oral cavity, all the samples were subjected to mechanical cyclic loading (50,000 cycles), hydrothermal cycling (10,000 cycles), or exposure to stained beverages (25 days). A colorimeter device was used to measure the color of the teeth before and after testing. Statistical differences were calculated via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.
resultsThe combined aging protocol resulted in statistically significant and clinically unacceptable differences in tooth color alterations and whiteness index values across all groups (p < 0.05). The control group presented the least significant discoloration, whereas the bracket-bonded groups presented greater discoloration. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences among the bracket-bonded groups (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThe combined artificial aging protocol can be employed to simulate the macroenvironmental conditions of the oral cavity in laboratory investigations. The composition of the orthodontic adhesive also influences the severity of tooth discoloration.
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