Trial reportBMC complementary medicine and therapies2024
Examining the impact of rhythmic breathing and progressive muscle relaxation on acute pain following inguinal hernia repair: a parallel randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparison of the Effect of Valsalva Maneuver and Rhythmic Breathing on Pain Intensity During Vascular Needle Insertion in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis · 2026Trial
- Effects of an arms-crossing technique added to Lamaze breathing on labour pain: a randomised controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Effects of the Buteyko breathing technique on sleep quality, fatigue, and oxygen saturation in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Trial
- Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on postoperative pain in laparoscopic living kidney donors: a randomized controlled trial.BMC surgery · 2025Trial
- Play dough or balloon blowing? A clinical trial comparing creative interventions for reducing preoperative anxiety in children aged 4-8 years.BMC pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Effects of chewing gum and LI4 acupressure on gastrointestinal recovery after cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute postoperative pain is often reported after repair of inguinal hernia and can negatively impact patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. This includes delayed wound healing, longer hospitalization, and increased health care costs. Non-pharmacological techniques like Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Rhythmic Breathing (RB) have been suggested as possible interventions for managing this type of pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PMR and RB on postoperative pain following repair of inguinal hernia.
methodsThis parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine 120 patients in the age range of 18 to 75 years with inclusion criteria: Repair of Inguinal Hernia under general anesthesia and no addiction to drugs and narcotics. These patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the RB group, PMR group, or the control group (which received standard care). The RB and PMR interventions were administered at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. The primary outcome measure was the intensity of pain at the surgical site, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The secondary outcome measure was the amount of rescue analgesic (Pethidine). The one-way analysis of variance, Chi-square, post-hoc test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis.
resultsFollowing the interventions, participants in both the RB and PMR groups exhibited significantly lower levels of acute pain after inguinal hernia repair compared to the control group across all four time periods, except at 12 h postoperatively in the RB group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the RB and PMR groups. Additionally, the amount of pethidine consumed in the control group was significantly higher compared to the two experimental groups.
conclusionsBased on the results, both RB and PMR were found to be effective techniques in reducing patients' pain. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare team members, particularly nurses, actively learn and teach both RB and PMR.
trial registrationRegistered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials ( www.irct.ir ) in 31/01/2023 with the following code: IRCT20200206046395N2.
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