ArticleACS nano2025
Biomimetic "Trojan Horse" Fibers Modulate Innate Immunity Cascades for Nerve Regeneration.
Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- A lesion-responsive ZIF-8/zinc-myricetin nano-biointerface remodels mitochondrial-immune crosstalk for spinal cord repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A cell motility-based selective hydrogel enables rapid generation of nerve-repairing blood clots.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Spinal Cord Repair Based on Regulation of the Neuroregenerative Microenvironment.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Nature-inspired confined cascade enzyme nanoreactors for targeted atherosclerosis therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Camouflaged nanorobots target and regulate macrophage subcellular organelle crosstalk patterns to promote neural regeneration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic control of macrophage plasticity in wound healing: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing neutrophils for tissue repair and regeneration: mechanisms, biomaterial engineering strategies and translational potential.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Harnessing biomaterials for tuning inflammation: A neutrophil-centric perspective.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Engineering Efferocytosis for Bone Regeneration.Macromolecular bioscience · 2025Review
- Microglial pyroptosis as a therapeutic target after traumatic spinal cord injury: current progress and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophil membrane vesicles (NMVs) have been successfully applied to control the inflammatory cascade after spinal cord injury (SCI) by acting as an inflammatory factor decoy to front-load the overall inflammation regulatory window; however, the mechanisms by which NMVs regulate macrophage phenotypic shifts as well as their outcomes have rarely been reported. In this study, we demonstrated the "efferocytosis-like" effect of NMVs endocytosed by macrophages, supplementing the TCA cycle intermediate metabolite α-KG by promoting glutamine metabolism, which in turn facilitates oxidative phosphorylation and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to reprogram inflammatory macrophages to the pro-regenerative phenotype. Based on these findings, a "Trojan horse" composite fiber scaffold was constructed; this comprised a carboxylated poly-l-lactic acid shell encapsulated with NMVs and a core loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to spatiotemporally modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by 39.23% and sustainably promote nerve regeneration by 85.67%. In vivo experiments further confirmed the effect of NMV-coated fiber scaffolds on the regulation of early innate immune inflammation and the continuous promotion of nerve regeneration. This study not only further unravels the mechanism of neutrophil membrane-macrophage interactions but also provides a strategy for coordinating inflammatory reprogramming and nerve regeneration following SCI.
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