ArticleJournal of clinical periodontology2025
Causal Effect of Smoking and Cessation on Tooth Loss.
Article in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking Cigarettes and Tooth Loss in Adults: A Population-Based Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Latent class analysis of oral symptoms in stroke patients and exploration of associated.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Capitalising on Tax Variation to Estimate the Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Edentulism.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- A Principled Framework for Mendelian Randomization in Oral Health Research.Journal of periodontal research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo estimate the causal effects of smoking and cessation on tooth loss using instrumental variable (IV) analysis. MATERIAL AND
methodsData from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), conducted from 1995 to 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 in 50 U.S. states and Washington DC, were merged with cigarette pack prices and smoking ban data from the CDC 'Tax Burden on Tobacco' and 'State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation' (STATE) System. Prices and bans served as IVs for ever smoking and cessation in a control function IV model for self-reported edentulism and loss of 6+ teeth. IV models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, type 2 diabetes, state unemployment rates, state health expenditures, and state fixed effects.
resultsEver smoking cigarettes increased the risk of edentulism by 2.6% (95% CI: 2.3%-2.8%) and the risk of loss of 6+ teeth by 10.7% (95% CI: 10.0%-11.3%). Smoking cessation reduced risks of edentulism and loss of 6+ teeth by 7.6% (95% CI: -7.8% to -742%) and 13.5% (95% CI: -13.7% to 13.3%), respectively.
conclusionThis study provides robust evidence that smoking increases tooth loss risk, while cessation significantly reduces it, emphasizing the oral health benefits of tobacco control policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.