Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39707708›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion practice2025

Exploratory Pilot Study Engages Community Health Workers to Test Drone-Based Package Delivery System for Personal Protective Equipment in High-Risk Appalachia Population.

Frances J Feltner, William Mace Baker, Beth Bowling, Bart Massey, Sydney Howard, Ellen J Hahn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Frances J FeltnerUniversity of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4970-9745
William Mace BakerUniversity of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4240-4157
Beth BowlingUniversity of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7480-4818
Bart MasseyUSA Drone Port, Hazard, KY, USA.
Sydney HowardUniversity of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4811-5117
Ellen J HahnUniversity of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8480-1010

Funding

Pilot Project ProgramP30ES026529 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI Jason Unrine · 2017 to 2026
$15.4M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES026529
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, high-risk clients' and caregivers' access to essential personal protective equipment (PPE) was limited especially in many remote areas of Appalachia. A multidisciplinary team of community and university partners explored how to coordinate the use of community health workers (CHWs) and drone technologies to increase access to PPE in rural and remote Appalachian regions. CHWs recruited 10 Homeplace clients in an exploratory study of drone-based package delivery of PPE to assess importance and effectiveness of PPE self-efficacy related to PPE use, use of PPE, and ease and acceptability of drone delivery (following delivery only). CHWs educated each participant via in-person and Zoom meetings on the reasons for using PPE and proper use of PPE using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Most participants found the drone delivery of PPE easy and 80% were extremely satisfied with the drone delivery process. The frequency of mask-wearing increased from 60% at baseline to 90% at follow-up. On average, participants rated all types of PPE as effective in preventing the spread of disease. Drone officials used the findings of this pilot study to develop a waiver application to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration to request permission to fly beyond visual line of sight in remote areas. Aerial drone technology could be a cutting-edge approach to health promotion in remote areas. The study results provide the proof of concept to assist investigators in designing future projects to promote healthy homes by collecting air and water samples and testing novel interventions deploying drone technology in remote Appalachian regions.

Indexed as

Community Health WorkersCOVID-19Personal Protective EquipmentAdultAppalachian RegionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsRural PopulationSARS-CoV-2Appalachian regioncommunity health workershealth promotionpersonal protective equipmentunmanned aerial devices

Identifiers

PMID39707708
PMCPMC13113528

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.