ArticleJournal of medical case reports2024
Exponential decline, ceiling effect, downregulation, and T-cell response in immunoglobulin G antibody levels after messenger RNA vaccine boosters: a case report.
Article in Journal of medical case reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccination in individuals with Down syndrome: immune vulnerability, safety, efficacy and opportunities.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Heterologous saRNA prime - multivalent protein boost strategy induces broad and durable immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Seasonal Variations of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in Japan: A Study on Long-Term Trends and the Influence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Development and characterization of a bivalent mRNA vaccine targeting the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection reduces gradually over time, requiring administration of updated boosters. However, long-term immune response following up to the sixth dose of the messenger RNA vaccine has not been well studied. CASE PRESENTATION: We longitudinally determined anti-spike protein immunoglobulin G antibody levels in a 69-year-old Japanese man 76 times (first to sixth dose) to investigate their dynamics. Regarding the messenger RNA BNT162b2 vaccine, first to fourth doses were identical monovalent vaccines, and fifth and sixth doses were identical bivalent vaccines. T-cell responses after fourth and fifth doses were studied using T-SPOT. Immunoglobulin G levels peaked at 1-2 weeks after second to sixth dose, declining exponentially after each dose. The decline was approximated using the formula f (t) = Ae
conclusionsCeiling effect or downregulation of peak immunoglobulin G levels was clearly observed after messenger RNA booster vaccination. After peaking, the IgG level declined exponentially, and the rate of decay decreased with each subsequent booster. Although this was a single-case study, this data may provide a generalized mathematical decay model for humoral immunity in healthy older adults. Moreover, our study provides insights into the immunogenicity after booster vaccination with messenger RNA vaccines.
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