Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39706801›Full record

ArticleOrthodontics & craniofacial research2025

In Vitro Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Attachment Shapes and Locations on Extrusion of the Upper Left Lateral Incisor Using Thermoplastic Aligners.

Alexandra Bojrab, Amin Akbari, Dustin Broyles, Janine Magura, Megann Lear, George Eckert, Jie Chen, Hakan Turkkahraman, R Scott Conley

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Orthodontics & craniofacial research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexandra BojrabDepartment of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Amin AkbariDepartment of Energy Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Dustin BroylesIndiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Janine MaguraDepartment of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Megann LearDepartment of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
George EckertDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Jie ChenDepartment of Energy Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Hakan TurkkahramanDepartment of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-7700
R Scott ConleyDepartment of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-4875

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different attachment shapes and locations on the extrusion of the upper left lateral incisor (UL2) using thermoplastic aligners. MATERIALS AND

methodsSeven typodonts were digitally printed with hemi-ellipsoid or rectangular attachments in the incisal, middle or cervical third of the UL2. Five clear aligners were fabricated for each typodont; each was tested twice. Forces and moments were measured with an orthodontic force tester during 0.2 mm simulated extrusion of the UL2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of group, tooth, and the group-by-tooth interaction on the outcomes. A two-sided 5% significance level was used for all tests.

resultsAltering attachment shape and location had a statistically significant effect on the forces and moments generated in each trial (p < 0.01), except for rectangular incisal and hemi-ellipsoid cervical (p > 0.05). The rectangular middle attachment generated the highest extrusive force (Fz = 7.498 N), followed by hemi-ellipsoid cervical (Fz = 6.338 N) and rectangular incisal (Fz = 5.948 N).

conclusionsVarying direct attachment shape and location on the UL2 during extrusion has a significant effect on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners. The rectangular attachment located in the middle third generated the most effective extrusive force and least unwanted moment. For anchorage teeth, hemi-ellipsoid attachments located in the cervical third were found to be the most effective in minimising the reciprocal intrusive forces and unwanted moments.

Indexed as

IncisorOrthodontic Appliance DesignTooth Movement TechniquesDental Stress AnalysisHumansIn Vitro Techniquesattachmentsclear alignersorthodontic biomechanics

Identifiers

PMID39706801
PMCPMC11897420

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.