Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39706659›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2025

Progress in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in the use of modern contraceptives in 48 focus countries as part of the FP2030 initiative between 1990 and 2020: a population-based analysis.

Carolina Cardona, Jean Christophe Rusatira, Carolina Salmeron, Michelle Martinez-Baack, Jose G Rimon, Philip Anglewicz, Saifuddin Ahmed

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Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carolina CardonaDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ccardon4@jhu.edu.
Jean Christophe RusatiraDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Carolina SalmeronThe Jacob and Terese Hershey Foundation, Houston, TX, USA.
Michelle Martinez-BaackDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jose G RimonDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Philip AnglewiczDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Saifuddin AhmedDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite increases in modern contraception use, socioeconomic inequalities in family planning persist. In this study, we aimed to measure progress in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) and demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) in 48 countries as part of the Family Planning 2030 (FP2030) initiative between 1990 and 2020 for which Demographic and Health Survey data were available.

methodsWe analysed two rounds of Demographic and Health Survey data per country. Changes in concentration indices between two survey rounds were compared to measure reductions in overall socioeconomic-related inequalities in modern contraceptive use. Poisson regression models were used to measure the adjusted average annual rate of change across wealth quintiles.

findingsIn this population-based analysis study, all countries reduced socioeconomic-related inequalities in modern contraceptive use among in-union women of reproductive age (15-49 years) during the observed 30-year period. On average, mCPR increased at an annual rate of 2·1% (95% CI 2·1-2·2), and the rate of increase for the poorest women was 3·1% (3·0-3·2), which outpaced the rate of increase for the richest women of 1·3% (1·3-1·4%). The pattern of progress was similar for mDFPS, but at a slower pace. Overall, levels of mCPR and mDFPS increased, and socioeconomic-related inequalities were reduced during this period.

interpretationSubstantial progress has been made in reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in family planning across the 48 studied countries, which account for 86% of the population of the 82 FP2030 initiative countries. During the past three decades, poorer women have seen greater improvements in modern contraceptive use and demand satisfaction compared with richer women. As contraceptive prevalence rates are near their maximum, it is crucial to ensure marginalised and vulnerable groups are not left behind.

fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATIONS: For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Indexed as

ContraceptionContraception BehaviorFamily Planning ServicesSocioeconomic FactorsAdolescentAdultFemaleGlobal HealthHealth SurveysHumansMiddle AgedYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39706659
PMCPMC11659844

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