Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39706191›Full record

ArticleCell2025

A gut commensal protozoan determines respiratory disease outcomes by shaping pulmonary immunity.

Kyle Burrows, Louis Ngai, Pailin Chiaranunt, Jacqueline Watt, Sarah Popple, Brian Forde, Saven Denha, Vitoria M Olyntho, Siu Ling Tai, Eric Yixiao Cao and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

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  18. The gut as a central hub for multi-organ crosstalk in aging.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026
    Review
  19. Bacillus velezensis alleviates PMAnimal microbiome · 2026
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Kyle BurrowsDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Louis NgaiDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Pailin ChiaranuntDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jacqueline WattDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sarah PoppleDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Brian FordeSchool of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Saven DenhaSchroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Vitoria M OlynthoSchroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Siu Ling TaiDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Eric Yixiao CaoDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Susana Tejeda-GaribayHealth Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
Joshua F E KoenigSchroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Katrin D Mayer-BarberInflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Catherine J StreutkerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Katrina K HoyerHealth Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
Lisa C OsborneDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Jun LiuDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Liam O'MahonyDepartment of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Arthur MorthaDepartment of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: arthur.mortha@utoronto.ca.

Funding

Innate inflammatory responses during pulmonary infectionsZIAAI001207 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MAYER-BARBER, KATRIN · 2015 to 2025
$13.6M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AI001207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The underlying mechanisms used by the intestinal microbiota to shape disease outcomes of the host are poorly understood. Here, we show that the gut commensal protozoan, Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu), remotely shapes the lung immune landscape to facilitate perivascular shielding of the airways by eosinophils. Lung-specific eosinophilia requires a tripartite immune network between gut-derived inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells and lung-resident T cells and B cells. This network exacerbates the severity of allergic airway inflammation while hindering the systemic dissemination of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The identification of protozoan DNA sequences in the sputum of patients with severe allergic asthma further emphasizes the relevance of commensal protozoa in human disease. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a commensal protozoan tunes pulmonary immunity via a gut-operated lung immune network, promoting both beneficial and detrimental disease outcomes in response to environmental airway allergens and pulmonary infections.

Indexed as

AsthmaGastrointestinal MicrobiomeLungAnimalsB-LymphocytesEosinophilsFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMycobacterium tuberculosisT-Lymphocytesasthmaeosinophilsgroup 2 innate lymphoid cellsgut-lung axisinterorgan lymphocyte traffickingmicrobiomeMycobacterium tuberculosisprotozoan commensalTritrichomonas musculis

Identifiers

PMID39706191
PMCPMC11761380

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.