ReviewAnnual review of immunology2025
SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rethinking non-human primate models for emerging viral infections after COVID-19.Laboratory animal research · 2026Review
- Article
- Respiratory mucosal vaccines for emerging viruses: promise and challenges.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Evaluating Memory B Cell Cross-Reactivity Between Ancestral and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A phase 1 clinical trial of a multi-antigen SARS-CoV DNA vaccine as a booster after dose three spike-based mRNA vaccinations.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Cross-resistance patterns in SARS-CoV-2 against 3CL protease inhibitors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Immune Evasion: Mapping the Future of Vaccine Design.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Dysregulated host miRNAs with antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2 identified from COVID-19 patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19, the disease that changed the world.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026Review
- Editorial: Viral surface spikes: host cell entry, immune responses and evasion, and implications for viral infection, inhibition and rebound.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission in the state of Pará, Brazil.Malaria journal · 2025Observational
- Review
- Humoral Response to the Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Among Dialysis Patients: A Breakthrough Infection Case-Control Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a global level reflects the repeated emergence of variant strains encoding unique constellations of mutations. These variants have been generated principally because of a dynamic host immune landscape, the countermeasures deployed to combat disease, and selection for enhanced infection of the upper airway and respiratory transmission. The resulting viral diversity creates a challenge for vaccination efforts to maintain efficacy, especially regarding humoral aspects of protection. Here, we review our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 has evolved during the pandemic, the immune mechanisms that confer protection, and the impact viral evolution has had on transmissibility and adaptive immunity elicited by natural infection and/or vaccination. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 evolution initially selected variants with increased transmissibility but currently is driven by immune escape. The virus likely will continue to drift to maintain fitness until countermeasures capable of disrupting transmission cycles become widely available.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.