Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39704197›Full record

ArticleChild: care, health and development2025

The Role of Timing and Amount of Outdoor Play in Emotional Dysregulation in Preschool Children.

Jane J Lee, Eirini Flouri, Yo Jackson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child: care, health and development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. 2025 Position statement on active outdoor play.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jane J LeeChild Maltreatment Solutions Network, Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Eirini FlouriInstitute of Education, Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-4847
Yo JacksonDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

Trauma exposure, emotion regulation and cognitive skills in early childhood: Prospective and longitudinal examination of the mechanisms of adjustmentR01MH079252 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE · PI JACKSON, YO · 2009 to 2021
$5.2M
Creating the Next Generation of Scholars in CM Science (CMT32)T32HD101390 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Erika Lunkenheimer, Hannah Milena Caroline Schreier · 2020 to 2026
$1.9M
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development T32HD101390NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD101390NIMH NIH HHS 2R01MH079252-06NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH079252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrently, the time children spend playing outdoors is at an all-time low. However, the existing literature suggests that outdoor play may have cognitive and emotional benefits for children.

methodsThe present study carried out a mediation analysis to explore whether amount and timing of outdoor play affects children's emotion regulation and whether working memory mediates these relations among 325 preschool children (M

resultsResults showed that greater amounts of outdoor play very early (i.e., wake-up to noon) and very late (i.e., 6 PM to bedtime) in the day were related to greater emotional dysregulation. By contrast, greater amount of outdoor play from noon to 6 PM was related to lower emotional dysregulation. Importantly, the effect of amount of outdoor play from noon to 6 PM on emotion regulation was fully mediated by working memory.

conclusionThe findings of the present study suggest that in early childhood outdoor play that supports children's circadian rhythms may have cognitive and, in turn, emotional benefits.

Indexed as

Emotional RegulationPlay and PlaythingsChild BehaviorChild, PreschoolCircadian RhythmEmotionsFemaleHumansMaleMemory, Short-TermMidwestern United StatesTime Factorsemotion regulationoutdoor playpreschool childrenworking memory

Identifiers

PMID39704197
PMCPMC11660033

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.