ArticleFrontiers in neurology2024
Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Alterations in the DTI-ALPS index and choroid plexus volume are associated with symptom severity in children with tic disorders.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Protocol for developing an evidence-based expert consensus on efficacy evaluation and comorbidity management of integrated Chinese and Western medicine for pediatric tic disorders: a GRADE-based modified Delphi study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of tobacco exposure on global deaths of digestive diseases: Findings from 1990-2021 and projected trends to 2042.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Tic disorder, a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that typically onsets during childhood, is characterized by sudden, involuntary, rapid, and non-rhythmic motor and vocal tics. Individuals with tic disorders often experience physical health issues. The purpose of our retrospective analysis was to elucidate the common comorbid physical diseases and mental disorders and their characteristics of outpatient children with tic disorders in a large public children's hospital in China over the past 5 years. Methods: Participants were outpatients with tic disorders who visited Beijing Children's Hospital, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022. After the inclusion screening, a total of 523,462 patient visits were included in the analysis. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic system, we employed descriptive statistical analysis to examine the frequently co-occurring somatic diseases in patients with tic disorders, as well as the influence of variables such as age and seasonal variation on these comorbidities. Results: The top five diseases of total outpatient visits were as follows: Respiratory diseases, Mental and behavioral disorders, Diseases of the eye and adnexal, Digestive disorders, Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Among the top five comorbid disease system, the most commonly third- level classification of diseases were upper respiratory tract infections, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, conjunctivitis, dyspepsia, dermatitis. Respiratory system diseases experienced a peak in April, while the other four types of diseases reached their peak in August. Additionally, each disease system showed the lowest number of patient visits in February. Additional to the mental and behavioral disorders, the other four disease systems would experience a peak in medical visits between the ages of 4 and 6. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the most common physical diseases and mental disorders in tic disorders, namely the respiratory diseases, specifically upper respiratory tract infections, and mental and behavioral disorders, with ADHD being the most common co-occurring condition.
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