ReviewBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024
Gout: global epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidities and complications: a narrative review.
Review in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Calcineurin Inhibitors and Uric Acid Control in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Gout disease-related years lived with disability in the North Africa and Middle East countries: a systematic analysis of the GBD study 1990-2019.Rheumatology international · 2025Pooled it
- A Post-NGP Mitsuokella jalaludinii as a Therapeutic Candidate for Gout.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Sex-stratified disproportionality signals of adverse events with allopurinol and febuxostat: a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS and EudraVigilance.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- ABCG2 transporter: Structural and functional associations with gout (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The global landscape of pediatric hyperuricemia research: a bibliometric roadmap to mechanisms, management, and future therapeutics (1997-2024).Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Determinants of gout therapy non-adherence in patients attending an Egyptian rheumatology outpatient clinic.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Safety profiles of two XOD and two URAT1 inhibitors in hyperuricemic patients: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FAERS and JADER databases.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Uric Acid as a Redox Switch in Gout: Linking Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Derived ROS, NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Emerging Ferroptotic Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Frequency of erosive arthritis and associated factors in gout patients: a single-center radiological study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Identification of a 10-protein plasma signature for preclinical gout risk beyond serum urate: a robustness-first proteomic study in 33,147 normouricaemic individuals.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular urate oxidase from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus SA1: statistical optimization, purification, and in-vitro evaluation of antihyperuricemic activity.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Letter to the editor concerning the article: "Risk of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) following gout diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study".International orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Risk of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) following gout diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study.International orthopaedics · 2026Article
- The IL-17 pathway mediated by m6A-modified lncRNA H19: a new mechanism for Jianpi Qingre Tongluo Prescription in repressing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism in gout arthritis.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- From Multidimensional Management to Mechanistic Insight: A Review of Interventions for Hyperuricemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Structural divergence of lentinula edodes polysaccharides is associated with distinct anti-hyperuricemia pathways.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Gouty arthritis model: delving into disease pathways and uncovering possible therapeutic targets.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Advances in post-translational and epigenetic modification of hyperuricemia-to-gout progression: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGout is one of the oldest known diseases and the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. The established risk factors for gout include hyperuricemia, chronic renal disease, genetic, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, diuretic use, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Patients with gout have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious diseases. Gout is also associated with several complications, such as nephrolithiasis. This literature review describes the global epidemiology and trends associated with gout, before providing an overview of its risk factors and complications.
methodsThis research used the narrative review method. Thorough searches were performed in PubMed and Google scholar, up to June 15, 2024, for articles that evaluated the risk factors, comorbidities or complications associated with gout. Moreover, we also included studies that reported the epidemiological characteristics or burden of gout at the global, regional, or national level.
resultsGout is more prevalent in developed countries, than in developing countries, although its prevalence is increasing globally. In addition, gout is much more prevalent among males than among females. Hyperuricemia has the largest role in the development of gout, although many risk factors contribute to the increasing prevalence of gout, including genes, several medications, and diet. Gout is associated with several comorbidities and complications, which need to be taken into consideration when managing gout. In recent years, gout has been found to be associated with several new comorbidities.
conclusionsOur findings provide a comprehensive and informative overview that can be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of gout.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.