ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2024
Does caesarean section have an impact on exclusive breastfeeding? Evidence from four Southeast Asian countries.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mechanistic Pathways Underlying Breastfeeding Challenges Following Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Development and internal validation of an interpretable machine learning model using first-24-h postpartum nursing variables to predict delayed lactogenesis II after cesarean delivery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Compliance with the WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV-positive mothers at Public Health Facilities of Mekelle, Tigray, northern Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Primiparity, older maternal age, COVID-19 pandemic, twin birth, and winter birth are associated with lower exclusive breastfeeding in Japanese mothers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Term and Preterm Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Cross-Sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of caesarean section (CS) on breastfeeding initiation has been extensively studied, but its influence on exclusive breastfeeding practices remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of CS on exclusive breastfeeding using evidence from four countries in the Southeast Asian region.
methodsThis cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2016 and 2022 in four countries within the Southeast Asian Region. We included information on the youngest children aged 0-5 months living with their mothers within the DHS datasets. The association between CS and exclusive breastfeeding was determined using a simple and multiple logistic regression models. Weight factors were taken into account in all analyses for the two-stage stratified cluster sampling design.
resultsAmong 3420 children, nearly half (49.1%, 95%CI: 47.0, 51.2) were exclusively breastfed. Children born by CS had lower odds of being exclusively breastfed, compared to children born vaginally (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.53, 0.88). Women who were married or living with a partner (aOR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.33, 3.60), children born at a health facility (aOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.71), and girl babies (aOR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.48) had higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, residing in rural areas was associated with an increased likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding (aOR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.80). Maternal age, mother's education, parity, antenatal and postnatal care taken, and mass media exposure were not associated with exclusive breastfeeding.
conclusionThis study highlights a significant association between CS and reduced exclusive breastfeeding practices. The findings underscore the importance of providing adequate support and interventions to mothers who deliver by CS and their family members to ensure they can successfully achieve exclusive breastfeeding, particularly in a global context where CS rates are rising.
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