ArticleDisability and health journal2025
Chronic conditions among transgender Medicare beneficiaries: Variation by race, ethnicity, and Medicaid dual-enrollment.
Article in Disability and health journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental Health Therapy Utilization Among Transgender Medicare Beneficiaries, From 2011 to 2019.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race and Gender in Medicare Fee for Service.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Chronic Conditions and Health Care Use Comparison Between Transgender/Gender Diverse and Cisgender Medicare Beneficiaries.Transgender health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults experience disability at twice the rate of cisgender (non-TGD) adults in the US. TGD people of color and low-income TGD people experience intersecting discrimination that may compound chronic conditions and disability. To our knowledge, no research has focused on chronic conditions among TGD Medicare beneficiaries with disabilities.
objectiveWe compared the probability of chronic conditions among TGD adults with disability-based eligibility for Medicare across race, ethnicity, and dual Medicaid-Medicare enrollment.
methodsWe used cross-sectional Medicare enrollment and claims data between 2008 and 2017 for fee-for-service beneficiaries eligible based on disability. We applied a claims-based algorithm to identify TGD beneficiaries. We assessed differences in beneficiaries' age-adjusted predicted probability of chronic conditions across race, ethnicity, and dual eligibility.
resultsDual-eligible TGD beneficiaries (N = 8041) had a higher predicted probability of nine out of ten health condition categories relative to Medicare-only TGD beneficiaries (N = 6237). For each race and ethnicity category, the most prevalent condition categories were mental health, cardiovascular conditions, and non-cardiovascular-related physical health conditions. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black TGD beneficiaries had over two and three times the probability of infectious disease as non-Hispanic White TGD beneficiaries, respectively.
conclusionsTGD adults with disabilities have high rates of chronic conditions with additional disparities by race, ethnicity, and dual eligibility status. Our findings offer potential directions for mixed-methods and intervention research aimed at identifying and ameliorating the drivers of these disparities among TGD Medicare beneficiaries with disabilities.
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