Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39701468›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2025

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: Behavioral and neural correlates of clinical improvement.

Aparna U Nair, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Thanharat Silamongkol, Zeynep Başgöze, Donovan J Roediger, Bryon A Mueller, Cristina S Albott, Paul E Croarkin, Kelvin O Lim, Alik S Widge and 4 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Aparna U NairDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: nair0035@umn.edu.
Bonnie Klimes-DouganDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Thanharat SilamongkolGraduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Zeynep BaşgözeDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Donovan J RoedigerDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Bryon A MuellerDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Cristina S AlbottDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Paul E CroarkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Kelvin O LimDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Alik S WidgeDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ziad NahasDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Lynn E EberlyDivision of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Kathryn R CullenDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Michelle E ThaiDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UMN CTSI)UL1TR002494 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R, WEISDORF, DANIEL J · 2018 to 2022
$34.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAffective bias toward negativity is associated with depression and may represent a promising treatment target. Stimulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) could lead to shifts in affective bias. The current study examined behavioral and neural correlates of affective bias in the context of dTMS in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

methodsAdolescents completed a Word-Face Stroop (WFS) task during an fMRI scan before and after 30 sessions of dTMS targeting the left dlPFC. In the task, participants were shown words superimposed on faces in either a "congruent" (both word and face were positive or both negative) or an "incongruent" fashion; in both cases, participants identified whether the words were positive or negative. We examined pre-post intervention neural and behavioral WFS changes and their correlations with clinical improvement.

resultsUsable pre- and post-intervention WFS data were available for 10 adolescents with TRD (Age, years: M = 16.3, SD = 1.09) for behavioral data; 9 for neuroimaging data. After treatment, although changes in behavioral performance did not suggest improved affective bias, amygdala activation decreased during the negative word/happy face condition, which correlated with clinical improvement. Overall, clinical improvement correlated with decreased neural activation during congruent conditions. LIMITATIONS: Major limitations include the small sample size, lack of a sham control group, and unknown psychometric properties.

conclusionsPreliminary findings suggesting improving neural efficiency and normalizing affective bias in those with the most clinical improvement highlight the potential importance of targeting affective bias in treating adolescents with TRD.

Indexed as

Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantDorsolateral Prefrontal CortexTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdolescentAmygdalaFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePrefrontal CortexStroop TestTreatment OutcomeAdolescenceAffective BiasDepressionTranscranial magnetic stimulationTreatment-resistance

Identifiers

PMID39701468
PMCPMC11792619

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.