ArticlePLOS global public health2024
Impact of the COVID-19 vaccination on confusion around vaccination in general: A longitudinal study on a university population over 18 months.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors Contributing to Pneumococcal, COVID-19, and Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among People Living With HIV in Belgium: A Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy was one of the main global public health threats. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 crisis and its associated risks only reinforced this hesitancy. This study aimed to identify to what extent the COVID-19 vaccination affected confusion around vaccination in general, its change and any associated factors. A questionnaire was distributed to the university population of Liège between April-June 2021 (Time 1) and July-September 2022 (Time 2). The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination on confusion around vaccination in general (score 0 to 100) was divided into three groups based on the tertiles of the study sample at different times and whether or not any change had been observed. Ordinal and multinomial regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the confusion and various determinants. The sample consisted of 491 participants. Time 1 vs Time 2, 41.3% vs 35.4% seemed to be less confused, 24.2% vs 28.7% were moderately confused and 34.4% vs 35.8% more confused, respectively. In terms of change, 19.4% of participants were less confused, 55.2% had not changed their opinion and 25.5% were more confused. The determinants causing confusion at both times and regarding change were self-perception, health literacy, past vaccination experiences and COVID-19 related factors (COVID-19 vaccination intention and trust in source of information at Time 1; preferred source of information, trust in vaccine producers and conspiratorial beliefs at Time 2; trust in vaccine producers for change). The results demonstrated that the COVID-19 vaccination impacted confusion around vaccination in general. Both unrelated and related COVID-19 factors, particularly regarding the progression of the pandemic, seem to have contributed to this confusion. Contributing factors require a personalised approach, evidence-based information being communicated with messages adapted to the situation and its evolution designed to allay individuals' fears about vaccination.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.