ArticleRheumatology and therapy2025
High-Titer Rheumatoid Factor is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes and Higher Needs for Advanced Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Under Real-Life Conditions.
Article in Rheumatology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protective and Pathogenic Antibodies to Citrullinated Antigens.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Autoantibody and disease control stability following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis: an observational cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Treat-to-Target Strategy Achieves High Remission Rates with Sex Differences Attenuated Under Treat-to-Target Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Rheumatoid Arthritis Saudi Database (RASD).Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2026Article
- Categorization of rheumatoid arthritis into mild, moderate, and severe conditions to discriminate specificity and sensitivity of routine diagnostic serum biomarkers.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRheumatoid factor (RF) plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology, yet the differential effects of varying RF titers remain understudied. We evaluated associations between different RF titers and clinical outcomes in long-standing RA.
methodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional study included adults meeting ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA. Circulating RF titers and clinical-epidemiological characteristics were evaluated. Bivariate (Student's t and chi-squared tests) tests and multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted.
resultsWe included 1097 participants; 78.7% had positive RF, with high titers (≥ 3 × the upper limit of normality) in 56.2%. Negative vs. low-positive RF groups performed similarly concerning all clinical outcomes, being subsequently aggregated as "non-high" RF group. High RF titers (compared to "non-high") were associated with tobacco use (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 2.04 [1.35, 3.08]; p < 0.001), multiraciality (OR [95% CI] 1.31 [1.03, 1.67]; p = 0.028, compared to White race), and higher body mass index (mean difference [95% CI] 0.69 [0.05, 1.33] kg/m
conclusionsHigh RF titers in long-standing RA were associated with worse disease activity, lower physical functionality, increased extra-articular manifestations, and higher usage of corticosteroids and bDMARDs. Comparing high vs. non-high RF titers (rather than positive vs. negative RF) seems more useful for evaluating the clinical effects of RF in RA. This approach should be considered in future studies of RF.
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