Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39699715›Full record

ArticlePsychology and psychotherapy2025

Exploring the implementation of a novel, transdiagnostic, hybrid ecological momentary intervention for improving resilience in youth (EMIcompass): A process evaluation in the realist framework.

Isabell Paetzold, Jessica Gugel, Anita Schick, Christian Rauschenberg, Dusan Hirjak, Benjamin Boecking, Lawrence Doi, Matthias Schwannauer, Ulrich Reininghaus

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychology and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Isabell PaetzoldDepartment of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4054-4331
Jessica GugelDepartment of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Anita SchickDepartment of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2043-0353
Christian RauschenbergDepartment of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Dusan HirjakClinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Benjamin BoeckingTinnitus Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lawrence DoiSchool of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Matthias SchwannauerSchool of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ulrich ReininghausDepartment of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPrevious research indicates that the hybrid compassion-focused intervention EMIcompass may reduce stress reactivity and improve quality of life. Our aim was to investigate what components of the intervention work for whom, how, and under which circumstances to contribute to the enhancement of resilience.

methodsWe conducted a process evaluation using a realist framework. First, we developed initial programme theories using compassion-focused interventions and ecological momentary intervention documents, in addition to conducting a focus group and an interview with an individual expert. Second, we tested the initial programme theories based on qualitative data from 20 participants. Third, we refined the programme theories by analysing and interpreting the data.

resultsWe identified four programme components experienced as enhancing the activation of the soothing system and the application of compassion-focused principles. EMIcompass was perceived as lowering the burden of and barriers to treatment and facilitating the translation into daily life. Intra- and interpersonal context factors interacted with the mechanisms, leading to improvement in well-being, which was identified as a main outcome. DISCUSSION: The intervention worked by strengthening participants' soothing system and facilitating ecological translation leading to improved well-being. Adaptions to improve the intervention may allow for more flexibility in individual intervention trajectories acknowledging different needs and preferences.

Indexed as

Ecological Momentary AssessmentEmpathyProcess Assessment, Health CareResilience, PsychologicalStress, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleQualitative ResearchQuality of LifeYoung Adultblended careecological momentary interventionpublic mental healthrealist evaluationtransdiagnostic

Identifiers

PMID39699715
PMCPMC11823374

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.