Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2025
Sleep duration among breastfed, goat milk-based or cow's milk-based infant formula-fed infants: Post hoc analyses from a double-blind RCT.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sleep duration among breastfed, goat milk-based or cow's milk-based infant formula-fed infants: Post hoc analyses from a double-blind RCT.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Modulation of Milk Source Differences on Immunity, Nutritional Physiology and Intestinal Microbiota in Neonatal Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine total, night- and daytime sleep duration and waking frequency among infants exclusively fed goat milk-based infant formula (GMF) or cow's milk-based infant formula (CMF) enroled in a randomised controlled trial and compare these to a human milk (HM) fed reference group.
methodsPost hoc analysis from a double-blind randomised controlled trial in 304 healthy term infants was performed. Formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive exclusively GMF or CMF for a period of 112 days and compared to a reference group fed HM. Sleep was assessed using a 3-day 24-h diary before the five visits throughout the trial. The association between feeding type and sleep was studied longitudinally and cross-sectionally at the five visits. All models were adjusted for infant sex and study site of enrolment. For associations between formula-fed infants and the non-randomised HM group, additional adjustments were made.
resultsTotal sleep duration slowly and similarly decreased over the course of study duration for all groups, with a decrease of about an hour between the first and last measurement. Longitudinally, daytime sleep duration was significantly longer for GMF (mean 8.6 h, standard error [SE] 0.17) and HM (8.8, 0.18) fed infants as compared to CMF (8.1, 0.17; p < 0.05). Cross-sectional analyses show that infants fed GMF or HM had higher total sleep duration than infants fed CMF at all visits, with significant differences between the groups at Visits 3 and 4.
conclusionsIn infants fed GMF a significantly longer daytime sleep duration and a non-significant trend towards a longer total sleep duration were found when compared to infants fed CMF. These findings suggest that nutrition plays a role in sleep duration.
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