ArticleACS ES&T water2024
Occurrence, Fate, and Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Small- and Large-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States.
Article in ACS ES&T water, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Presence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Domestic Wastewater from Community Septic Systems in New Hampshire.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Article
- Performance of a Sequencing Biofilter Coupled with a Dual-Media Granular Activated Carbon Filter for PFAS Mitigation in Landfill Leachate.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Legacy PFAS: Dominant Role of Ultrashort-Chain and Emerging PFAS in the Elbe River-Sea Continuum.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Effects of typical emerging pollutants on biological treatment systems: processes, mechanisms, and recovery strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): History, Current Concerns, and Future Outlook.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Models and challenges for studying forever chemicals and their impact on human health.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- From carboxylates to chlorinated sulfonates: Contrasting fate and treatment prospects of GenX and F53B in WWTPs.The Science of the total environment · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Adsorptive/Catalytic Roles of Carbonaceous Materials in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Degradation: Current Status and Perspectives.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- Nontarget and Suspect Screening of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids and PFAS in European Wastewaters Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Contributions to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Potomac River: A Basin-Scale Measuring and Modeling Approach.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Elevated PFAS Precursors in Septage and Residential Pump Stations.Environmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be conduits of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants in the environment. This study investigated the fate of 40 PFAS compounds across nine municipal WWTPs with varying treatment capacity and processes. High concentrations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected in wastewater, with the ratio of their total concentrations (∑PFCAs/∑PFSAs) always greater than one. Transformation of precursors by activated sludge processes significantly increased the concentrations of short-chain PFCAs (e.g., perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)), while further advanced treatment processes offered minimal removal of perfluoroalkyl acids. Treatment capacity and PFAS removal efficiency showed no apparent correlation. The maximum possible PFAS loads discharged from WWTPs were 340-9645 g·year
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.