Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39697983›Full record

ArticleImmuno-oncology technology2024

Changes in AXL and/or MITF melanoma subpopulations in patients receiving immunotherapy.

M Willemsen, J Bulgarelli, S K Chauhan, R R Lereim, D Angeli, G Grisendi, G Krebbers, I Davidson, J A Kyte, M Guidoboni and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immuno-oncology technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. CD38Frontiers in oncology · 2026
    Article
  3. Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

M WillemsenDepartment of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J BulgarelliImmunotherapy Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB) Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
S K ChauhanDepartment of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
R R LereimDepartment of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
D AngeliUnit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy.
G GrisendiLaboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
G KrebbersDepartment of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
I DavidsonDepartment of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM, Illkirch, France.
J A KyteDepartment of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
M GuidoboniDepartment of Oncology, Ferrara University Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
R M LuitenDepartment of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
W J BakkerDepartment of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Tumor heterogeneity is a hurdle to effective therapy, as illustrated by the 'mixed responses' frequently seen in immunotherapy-treated patients. Previously, AXL+ tumor cells were identified to be highly resistant to targeted therapy, whereas more differentiated MITF+ tumor cells do respond to RAF and MEK inhibitors. Patients and methods: In this study, we analyzed tumor heterogeneity and explored the presence of the previously described AXL+ or MITF+ melanoma subpopulations in metastatic tissues by NanoString gene expression analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing and Results: Our data demonstrate large interpatient variability and variable therapy-induced changes independent of the type of therapy. We identify the presence of previously described AXL+ and MITF+ subpopulations in metastatic tissues both at the mRNA level and Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that more differentiated MITF+ tumors are efficiently targeted by immunotherapy, while AXL+ tumor cells may be more resistant, analogous to their response to targeted therapy.

Indexed as

AXLDC vaccinationimmune checkpointmelanomaMITFtumor heterogeneity

Identifiers

PMID39697983
PMCPMC11652950

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.