ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2024
Light-guided dynamic phantom to mimic microvasculature for biomedical applications: an exploration for pulse oximeter.
Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optical phantoms for the characterization and validation of imaging and spectroscopy: a review.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Review
- A Cost-Effective Method for the Spectral Calibration of Photoplethysmography Pulses: The Optimal Wavelengths for Heart Rate Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pulse Oximetry: 50 Years of Inventions & Discoveries in Biomedical Optics.Journal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significance: Dynamic phantoms capable of changing optical properties by control are essential for standardizing and calibrating spectroscopy systems such as the pulse oximeter. However, current liquid dynamic phantoms containing human blood have a short shelf life and require complex experimental setups. Some solid dynamic phantoms are influenced by the angular-dependent performance of the liquid crystal display (LCD), some have a low spatial resolution, and some have slow control of optical properties. Aim: We aimed to develop a solid dynamic phantom, which can overcome these obstacles by changing the optical properties rapidly and generating dynamic biological signals. Approach: The absorption properties of the phantom can be controlled in real time by modulating an LCD. A light guide was employed to avoid the angular-dependent performance of the LCD by isolating the scattering top-layer tissue-mimicking silicone phantom from the LCD. Results: The dynamic phantom was characterized at 940, 660, 530, and 455 nm to create a lookup table. Photoplethysmography signals of different heart rates from 80 to 120 beats per minute were synthesized, and oxygen saturation levels at 86%, 90%, 95%, and 100% were generated at multiple wavelengths. Conclusions: The design, characterization, and potential applications of the dynamic phantom have been presented. This dynamic phantom can simulate various biological signals by applying corresponding modulation signals and has the potential to calibrate and validate pulse oximeter, imaging, and spectroscopy systems.
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