Relationship between client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling.

Jieun Kang, Woo Hyun Baek, Yeon Bin Jeong, Hyerin Yang, Seongchan Lee, Sang Min Lee

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jieun KangDepartment of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-6355

Woo Hyun BaekDepartment of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0712-1133

Yeon Bin JeongDepartment of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9621-8463

Hyerin YangDepartment of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6640-4503

Seongchan LeeYATAV, Inc, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7742-4587

Sang Min LeeDepartment of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. leesang@korea.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-772X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Considering the growing interest in VR psychotherapy, this study investigated the relationship between client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling. To investigate the relationships between types of client laughter and session outcomes in metaverse counseling, we employed a multilevel analysis by separating the variables into two levels: session-level (between-sessions) and client-level (between-clients). The dataset included 159 sessions nested among 26 clients. This study found that clients' cheerful and nervous laughter positively impacted session outcomes at the session level (within individual clients). However, when considering client-level laughter events (between-client), nervous laughter at the session level was not significantly related to session outcomes. Polite, reflective, and contemptuous laughter showed no significant relationship with the session outcomes. None of the laughter events were related to session outcomes at the client level (between clients). However, there was a significant within-level interaction effect between session and cheerful laughter on session outcomes. The implications of the effects of client laughter are discussed in metaverse counseling by comparing them with those of in-person counseling.

Indexed as

CounselingLaughterAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultAvatarClient laughterMetaverse counselingSession outcomesVirtual psychotherapy

Identifiers

PMID39696487

DOI10.1186/s40359-024-02260-0

PMCPMC11657086

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.