Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39696269›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2024

Changes in provision of extended community pharmacy services in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2018 to 2022.

Tara Officer, Janet McDonald, Mona Jeffreys, Jacqueline Cumming, Lynne Russell, Eileen McKinlay, Jonathan Kennedy, Ausaga Fa'asalele Tanuvasa, Caroline Morris

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tara OfficerTe Kura Tapuhi Hauora School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Practice, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. tara.officer@vuw.ac.nz.
Janet McDonaldTe Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora-Health Services Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Mona JeffreysTe Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora-Health Services Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Jacqueline CummingTe Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora-Health Services Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Lynne RussellTe Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora-Health Services Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Eileen McKinlayCentre for Interprofessional Education, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
Jonathan KennedyDepartment of Primary Health Care & General Practice, Te Tari Hauora Tūmatanui, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
Ausaga Fa'asalele TanuvasaTe Hikuwai Rangahau Hauora-Health Services Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Caroline MorrisDepartment of Primary Health Care & General Practice, Te Tari Hauora Tūmatanui, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.

Funding

Health Research Council of New Zealand grant number 18/667
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecognition is growing of the contributions community pharmacists make to the primary health care team, as their role shifts from a traditional dispensing focus to greater emphasis on fully applying their clinical skills. Some extended pharmacist services (e.g., vaccinations) are becoming increasingly common in New Zealand (Aotearoa). Community pharmacies provided key services during the COVID-19 response.

methodsAn online survey was sent to community and intern pharmacists in 2022, regarding delivery of extended services and enablers and barriers to service provision, to look at changes since a 2018 survey. New questions were included regarding pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and comparisons made between reported proportions in the 2018 and 2022 surveys. For questions related to attributes of pharmacies rather than pharmacists, we weighted the data by the inverse of the number of pharmacists in the pharmacy.

resultsA total of 64 pharmacists and 25 interns responded to the survey. The most common services for which pharmacists were accredited were the provision of the emergency contraceptive pill (95%), sildenafil (94%), trimethoprim (88%) and immunisations (80%). There was an increase from 2018 to 2022 in the proportion of pharmacists who were accredited to provide selected oral contraceptives and immunisations. As in 2018, interns showed strong interest in gaining accreditation for all extended services. Enablers and barriers to offering extended services did not change materially between 2018 and 2022, other than a greater proportion of pharmacists reporting that they were too busy dispensing to offer more services (an increase from 46 to 63%, P = 0.033). Almost all (98%) reported that "COVID increased the levels of stress at work", 94% that "workload has increased", and 90% that "home delivery services increased." Sixty-nine percent of pharmacists and 73% of interns reported work stress negatively affecting their wellbeing.

conclusionsMost pharmacists want to work at the top of their scope of practice and are accredited to offer a range of extended services. However, their ability to focus on more patient-facing roles continues to be constrained by the time they spend dispensing. Adequate remuneration for services provided remains a concern.

Indexed as

Community Pharmacy ServicesCOVID-19PharmacistsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNew ZealandPandemicsProfessional RoleSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesAotearoaCommunity pharmacy servicesHealth services researchIntern pharmacistsNew ZealandPharmacistsSurvey

Identifiers

PMID39696269
PMCPMC11653777

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.