SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2024
Non-surgical therapy for intermittent exotropia: a systematic review and network analysis.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Outcomes of Individualized Office-Based Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Comparing lateral rectus recession and bupivacaine injection of medial rectus with conventional recession-resection in moderate-angle intermittent exotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Review
- Binocular Vision Anomalies: An Update on Prevalence, Impact, Technological and Treatment Developments and Current Challenges.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of various non-surgical treatments for intermittent exotropia(IXT).
methodsA comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to June 2024. Following independent screening, data extraction, and bias assessment by two researchers, network meta-analysis was conducted using R 4.2.2 software.
resultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 1411 patients were included. Treatment options included overminus lenses (OML), conventional prisms(base-in prism) (CP), part time occlusion (PTO), and binocular vision training (BVT). OML demonstrated superior efficacy in improving distance and near control(1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22 ∼ 1.8); 0.67, 95% CI :0.027 ∼ 1.2), as well as reducing near exodeviation compared to observation(4.5, 95% CI, 1.9 ∼ 6.9), but failed to reduce distance angle of deviation(3.2, 95%CI, -1.1 ∼ 6.4). No significant effect in improving control and reducing exodeviation angle at both distance and near was observed in PTO, BVT, and CP. Probability ranking indicated that the top-ranking three non-surgical interventions were OML, BVT and PTO for improving distance control and reducing near exodeviation; the top three non-surgical interventions for reducing distance exodevition were OML, PTO and BVT; the best non-surgical intervention for improving near control was OML, BVT、 PTO and CP have similar effects. The four non-surgical treatments had no significant impact on near stereoacuity.
conclusionOverall, OML ranks first among the four conservative treatment methods. These four commonly used non-surgical interventions did not significantly impact near stereoacuity. Clinicians should tailor personalized treatment strategies for patients with intermittent exotropia based on disease severity, characteristics, efficacy, and cost considerations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.