Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39696047›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

Fracture incidence in women: the impact of reproductive characteristics.

Maryam Farahmand, Maryam Rahmati, Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz, Mina Amiri, Mahsa Noroozzadeh, Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar, Fereidoun Azizi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maryam FarahmandReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam RahmatiReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Marzieh Saei Ghare NazReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Mina AmiriReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Mahsa NoroozzadehReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Mahbanoo Farhadi-AzarReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
Fereidoun AziziEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fahimeh Ramezani TehraniReproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran. ramezani@endocrine.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-065X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough endogenous estrogen exposure, influenced by reproductive factors (RFs), is negatively associated with fracture risk, there is limited and conflicting information on the association between these factors and the incidence of fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the association between RFs and fracture incidence (FXI) separately.

methodsThis longitudinal study commenced in 1999 and concluded in 2021. It is performed on women without previous fractures and adjusted for confounders. RFs, including age at menarche, parity, abortion, duration of breastfeeding (BF), hormonal contraceptive use, and age at menopause, were exposure variables. The incidence of fractures was the primary outcome. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the associations between RFs and FXI outcomes.

resultsThe median (interquartile range) of follow-up time was 15.0 (12.1-17.0) years. A total of 19.9% (1324/6653)of the women were menopausal at baseline, and 13% (865/6653) of the remaining participants reached menopause at the end of follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, 222 (3.3%) participants had fractures. The mean age of participants at the initiation of the study and last follow-up were 35.8 (15.5) and 50.0 (15.3) years, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the HR of FXI increased by 10% per one extra delivery (HR: 1.10,95% CI: (1.03, 1.18); p = 0.01), and by 12% per one-year increase in age at menarche (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.23); p = 0.02). The HR of FXI decreased by 3% per month extra exclusive BF (HR: 0.97,95% CI: (0.94, 0.99); p = 0.04).

conclusionsThe results elucidate that a longer duration of exclusive BF has a protective effect on FXI. In contrast, increasing age at menarche and the number of parities increase the risk of FXI.

Indexed as

Fractures, BoneAdultAge FactorsBreast FeedingFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMenarcheMenopauseMiddle AgedParityPregnancyProportional Hazards ModelsReproductive HistoryRisk FactorsIncidence of fractureLactationMenarcheMenopauseReproductive factors

Identifiers

PMID39696047
PMCPMC11654412

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.