Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39695866›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2024

Mosquito breeding water parameters are important determinants for Microsporidia MB in the aquatic stages of Anopheles species.

Esinam A Akorli, Nana Efua Andoh, Richardson K Egyirifa, Christopher Dorcoo, Sampson Otoo, Seraphim N A Tetteh, Reuben Mwimson Pul, Derrick B Sackitey, Stephen K D Oware, Samuel K Dadzie and 1 more

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Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Fungal microbiota diversity inWellcome open research · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. LaboratoryFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Esinam A Akorli *Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Nana Efua Andoh *Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Richardson K EgyirifaDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Christopher DorcooDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Sampson OtooDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Seraphim N A TettehDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Reuben Mwimson PulDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Derrick B SackiteyDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Stephen K D OwareDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Samuel K DadzieDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.
Jewelna AkorliDepartment of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana. jakorli@noguchi.ug.edu.gh.

Funding

ANTI-VeC African Anopheles Symbiont Survey grant through Open Philanthropy Project AV/AASS/009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicrosporidia MB disrupts Plasmodium development in Anopheles mosquitoes, making it a possible biocontrol tool for malaria. As a tool for vector/disease control, its ecological distribution and the factors that determine their occurrence must be defined. We investigated the frequency of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles mosquitoes across selected sites in northern and southern Ghana, as well as the physicochemical parameters of mosquito breeding water that are associated with the occurrence of the fungus, by fitting regression models.

methodsA non-column extraction method was used to extract DNA from the abdomens of 4255 adult Anopheles mosquitoes that emerged from larvae and pupae collected between August and October of 2021 and 2022. Detection of Microsporidia MB was achieved using quantitative PCR (qPCR), while mosquito species were molecularly identified using short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, and the ANOSPP algorithm.

resultsOverall Microsporidia MB distribution was 2.2% (92/4255). Male mosquitoes exhibited a higher frequency of infections and had a predicted probability of infection that was 85% higher than that of females. Sites in Ghana's Savannah zone had the highest Microsporidia MB distribution (68.5%). Biochemical oxygen demand in mosquito breeding water was estimated to be positively associated with and significantly predicts Microsporidia MB in mosquitoes with an accuracy of 94%. Increasing ammonium ion concentrations reduced the chances of finding Microsporidia MB-positive mosquitoes. According to our data, all Anopheles mosquitoes, including minor species such as An. squamosus, An. pretoriensis and An. rufipes, had equal probability of Microsporidia MB infection.

conclusionsThese results provide preliminary information on micro-ecological factors that potentially support the sustainability of Microsporidia MB infection in mosquitoes during their aquatic life stages. It will be important, therefore, to explore the impact of strategies for larval source management on these factors to ensure that the symbiont's persistence during the host's aquatic stages may not be adversely affected should it be used as an integrated approach for mosquito/disease control.

Indexed as

AnophelesMicrosporidiaMosquito VectorsAnimalsFemaleGhanaLarvaMalariaMalePupaWaterWaterAnopheles mosquitoesMicrosporidia MBMosquito breeding sitePhysicochemical parameters

Identifiers

PMID39695866
PMCPMC11657153

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.