Navigating motherhood: biological and landscape factors affecting postpartum movement in white-tailed deer.

backgroundPopulation growth and management in cervid species is dependent on reproductive ecology and factors influencing juvenile survival. Aspects of the female's movement behavior likely affect juvenile survival and movement patterns of pregnant and lactating females differ from non-pregnant or non-lactating females. Explanations for these differing movement patterns include change in nutritional demands for the female, isolation during parturition, and predator avoidance. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are an important managed cervid and a better understanding of their reproductive ecology, including the relationships between resources, movement, and juvenile survival, can better inform management.

methodsOur objective was to determine if biological factors, such as female age, fawn age, number of fawns, as well as characteristics of prepartum range affected the female's postpartum daily movement or overlap of space used pre- and postpartum in Sussex County, Delaware, USA (2,420 km

resultsMean hourly displacement decreased with increased female age and increased with number of known fawns alive and the female's home range size prior to parturition. We found that as fawns aged the doe increased use of the prepartum home range.

conclusionsOur results indicate that younger females are moving more than older females during lactation potentially to access higher quality habitat. This increased movement increases nutritional demand and may play a role in fawn survival. Females are more likely to use more of their prepartum home range as fawns age, a finding congruent with previous research. This differentiation in metric response (movement rate vs. space use) emphasizes the complexities of movement ecology and the importance of considering multiple dependent variables for complex behavior.